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Table 3 Macro- and micronutrient intakes for children aged 4 to 8 years (n = 390), by sex

From: Food and nutrient intake of school-aged children in Lebanon and their adherence to dietary guidelines and recommendations

Nutrient

DRI1

Boys (n = 196)

Girls (n = 194)

AI/EAR/AMDR

Mean ± SE

Median (P25, P75)

% < EAR/AMDR

% > AI/AMDR

Mean ± SE

Median (P25, P75)

% < EAR/AMDR

% > AI/AMDR

Energy (kcal/d)

–

1710.2 ± 49.1

1591.3 (1228.1, 2134.7)

–

–

1580.3 ± 49.4

1542.9 (1127.5, 1940.7)

–

–

Macronutrients

 Total Fat (g/d)

–

75.3 ± 2.7

68.0 (49.2, 96.2)

–

–

67.3 ± 2.4

63.7 (44.7, 84.9)

–

–

 Saturated fat (g/d)

–

20.9 ± 1.0

18.2 (11.7, 26.6)

–

–

19.0 ± 0.8

16.1 (10.5, 25.6)

–

–

 Carbohydrate (g/d)

100

213.0 ± 6.6

201.3 (149.0, 263.6)

8.7

–

201.9 ± 6.9

186.1 (139.0, 254.5)

11.9

–

 Total Sugars (g/d)

–

74.6 ± 3.0

70.9 (43.8, 97.9)

–

–

73.2 ± 3.8

60.3 (39.7, 94.2)

–

–

 Added Sugars (g/d)

25 a

47.8 ± 2.8

39.6 (20.3, 68.0)

31.6

68.4

45.7 ± 3.2

38.6 (15.9, 60.3)

35.6

64.4

 Dietary fiber (g/d)

25

13.3 ± 0.6

11.5 (7.6, 17.1)

–

7.7

13.1 ± 0.5

11.8 (7.4, 17.4)

–

6.7

  Protein (g/d)

0.76 g/Kg

50.2 ± 1.7

46.0 (33.9, 61.6)

6.6

–

47.0 ± 1.7

43.6 (30.8, 56.0)

6.2

–

 Total Fat (% of EI)

25–35%

38.9 ± 0.6

39.3 (33.2, 44.9)

6.6

68.4

37.9 ± 0.6

38.6 (34.0, 43.4)

7.7

71.1

 Saturated fat (% of EI)

 < 8%†

10.8 ± 0.4

10.1 (7.1, 13.6)

–

67.9

10.7 ± 0.3

10.7 (7.3, 14.0)

–

68.6

 Carbohydrate (% of EI)

45–65%

50.2 ± 0.7

50.3 (44.1, 55.7)

29.6

7.1

51.2 ± 0.7

50.5 (45.3, 55.9)

23.7

7.7

 Total Sugars (% of EI)

–

18.1 ± 0.6

18.1 (11.7, 22.7)

–

–

18.4 ± 0.6

17.0 (12.1, 23.7)

–

–

 Added Sugars (% of EI)

–

11.2 ± 0.5

10.5 (5.7, 15.7)

–

–

11.3 ± 0.6

10.3 (6.1, 15.1)

–

–

 Protein (% of EI)

10–30%

12.0 ± 0.3

11.3 (9.1, 14.1)

34.2

1.0

12.2 ± 0.3

11.7 (9.2, 14.1)

31.4

0.5

Micronutrients

 Vitamin C (mg/d)

22

67.4 ± 4.7

47.7 (22.4, 88.2)

24.5

–

66.7 ± 6.0

44.5 (21.1, 83.3)

25.8

–

 Thiamin (mg/d)

0.5

1.1 ± 0.0

1.1 (0.7, 1.4)

9.2

–

1.1 ± 0.0

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

10.8

–

 Riboflavin (mg/d)

0.5

1.1 ± 0.0

1.0 (0.7, 1.5)

11.7

–

1.0 ± 0.0

1.0 (0.6, 1.4)

15.5

–

 Niacin (mg/d)

6

13.5 ± 0.5

12.5 (8.4, 17.5)

11.7

–

12.8 ± 0.6

11.6 (7.5, 15.5)

17.0

–

 Vitamin B-6 (mg/d)

0.5

1.1 ± 0.0

1.0 (0.7, 1.4)

13.3

–

1.0 ± 0.0

0.9 (0.6, 1.3)

17.5

–

 Folate (μg DFE/d)

160

229.9 ± 12.2

193.0 (98.5, 312.1)

41.8

–

219.4 ± 10.9

178.9 (103.8, 309.3)

42.3

–

 Vitamin B-12 (μg/d)

1

2.0 ± 0.2

1.5 (0.6, 2.6)

38.8

–

1.8 ± 0.2

1.4 (0.5, 2.2)

40.7

–

 Calcium (mg/d)

800

655.5 ± 27.8

557.5 (375.7, 848.9)

73.5

–

575.8 ± 26.7

491.5 (326.5, 743.6)

78.9

–

 Phosphorus (mg/d)

405

767.1 ± 25.1

737.9 (507.3, 945.7)

14.8

–

716.8 ± 24.7

648.4 (492.1, 911.0)

17.5

–

 Magnesium (mg/d)

110

202.3 ± 6.1

196.0 (137.5, 244.8)

12.8

–

196.3 ± 7.0

185.5 (130.9, 243.5)

16.5

–

 Vitamin D (μg/d)

10

1.6 ± 0.2

0.8 (0.1, 2.5)

99.0

–

1.3 ± 0.1

0.5 (0.1, 1.9)

99.5

–

 Vitamin A (μg RAE/d)

275

517.3 ± 40.7

323.7 (170.8, 635.8)

59.7

–

524.0 ± 51.4

344.4 (161.7, 612.0)

60.8

–

 Vitamin K (μg/d)

55

108.1 ± 10.9

60.8 (25.4, 132.1)

–

51.5

105.2 ± 10.4

64.4 (30.0, 125.2)

–

57.7

 Iron (mg/d)

4.1

10.3 ± 0.5

8.4 (5.9, 13.2)

13.3

–

9.2 ± 0.4

8.5 (5.0, 11.8)

19.6

–

 Zinc (mg/d)

4

6.1 ± 0.2

5.7 (4.0, 7.9)

27

–

5.9 ± 0.2

5.3 (3.9, 7.4)

26.3

–

 Sodium (mg/d)

1000

1987.2 ± 84.7

1750.4 (1175.7, 2510.0)

–

81.6

1774.1 ± 76.2

1588.8 (1069.7, 2216.2)

–

78.9

 Potassium (mg/d)

2300

2004.3 ± 65.7

1903.7 (1397.3, 2567.3)

–

32.1

1915.9 ± 72.0

1861.9 (1203.4, 2465.1)

–

30.4

  1. 1DRIs in bold are EARs and those in Italic are AMDRs
  2. †WHO upper limit for saturated fat (8% of energy intake) for children above 2 years of age (WHO, 2008)
  3. a AHA recommendation for added sugar
  4. Differences in DRI compliance between boys and girls are tested using chi-square test. None has shown to be significantly different by sex