Relationship between Mother’s emotional intelligence, negative parenting behaviour, Preschooler’s attachment instability, and smart device overdependence

Table 4 Parameter estimation and statistical significance testing for the structural model

Path analysis	Direct effect β (p)	Indirect effect β (p)	Total effect β (p)	SMC
Mothers’ emotional intelligence → Mothers’ negative parenting behaviours	−.44^***		−.44^***	.191
Mothers’ emotional intelligence → Preschoolers’ attachment instability		−.25^***	−.25^***	.317
Mothers’ emotional intelligence → Preschoolers’ smart device overdependence		−.24^***	−.24^***	.446
Mothers’ negative parenting behaviour → Preschoolers’ attachment instability	.56^***		.56^***
Mothers’ negative parenting behaviour → Preschoolers’ smart device overdependence	.29^***	.26^***	.55^***
Preschoolers’ attachment instability → Preschoolers’ smart device overdependence	.46^***		.46^***

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