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Table 5 Multivariable multilevel analysis result of poor deworming among children of 24–59 months in Ethiopia

From: Spatial variation and associated factors of deworming among children aged 24 to 59 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel logistic analysis

Characteristics

null model

(95%CI AOR)

Model I

(95%CI AOR)

Model II

(95%CI AOR)

Model III (95%CI AOR)

Age group

 15–24

 

Ref

 

Ref

 25–34

 

0.95 [0.72, 1.26]

 

0.95 [0.71, 1.26]

 35–49

 

0.73 [0.51, 1.04]

 

0.75 [0.52, 1.08]

Educational status

 Secondary and above

 

Ref

 

Ref

 None

 

1.70 [1.20, 2.40]

 

1.65 [1.16, 2.36]***

 Primary

 

1.14 [0.82, 1.57]

 

1.19 [0.86, 1.64]

Working status

 working

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Not working

 

1.73 [1.43, 2.08]

 

1.43 [1.19, 1.74]**

Sex of household head

 Female

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Male

 

0.91 [0.71, 1.18]

 

1.03 [0.80, 1.32]

Wealth status

 Poor

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Middle

 

0.80 [0.61, 1.03]

 

0.87 [0.66, 1.14]

 rich

 

0.86 [0.67, 1.09]

 

0.84 [0.64, 1.10]

Perceived distance

 Not big problem

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Big problem

 

1.31 [1.08, 1.60]

 

1.42 [1.16, 1.73]***

Health related decision maker

 Husband

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Jointly

 

0.92 [0.73, 1.17]

 

0.94 [0.74, 1.19]

 Alone

 

1.08 [0.80, 1.46]

 

1.07 [0.80, 1.43]

Place of delivery

 Facility

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Home

 

1.72 [1.38, 2.16]

 

1.60 [1.27, 2.02]***

Birth order

 1st

 

Ref

 

Ref

 2nd

 

0.97 [0.72, 1.30]

 

0.93 [0.70, 1.25]

 3rd

 

0.86 [0.62, 1.20]

 

0.87 [0.62, 1.20]

 4th

 

0.82 [0.57, 1.17]

 

0.82 [0.57, 1.17]

  ≥ 5th

 

0.96 [0.68, 1.37]

 

0.95 [0.67, 1.34]

Sex of child

 Male

 

Ref

 

Ref

 Female

 

1.07 [0.91, 1.30]

 

1.09 [0.92, 1.30]

age of child

 24–35

 

Ref

 

Ref

 36–47

 

0.92 [0.74, 1.14]

 

0.93 [0.76, 1.16]

 48–59

 

0.85 [0.70, 1.05]

 

0.85 [0.69, 1.05]

Diarrhea in the last 2 weeks

 No

 

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

 

0.68 [0.50, 0.91]

 

0.68 [0.51, 0.90]**

Community level factors

Place of residency

  Urban

  

Ref

Ref

  Rural

  

0.94 [0.66, 1.34]

0.68 [0.46, 1.01]

Region

 Tigray

  

Ref

Ref

 Afar

  

0.08 [0.05, 0.16]

7.89 [4.15, 15.00]

 Amhara

  

0.30 [0.19, 0.49]

3.06 [1.87, 5.00]

 Oromia

  

0.36 [0.23, 0.56]

2.16 [1.37, 3.41]

 Somali

  

0.10 [0.06, 0.17]

7.16 [4.08, 12.53]

 Benishangul

  

0.76 [0.48, 1.20]

1.19 [0.74, 1.90]

 SNNP

  

0.22 [0.14, 0.35]

3.83 [2.40, 6.16]

 Gambela

  

0.47 [0.29, 0.76]

1.71 [1.02, 2.85]

 Harari

  

0.16 [0.09, 0.29]

6.14 [3.31, 11.36]

 Addis Ababa

  

0.49 [0.27, 0.87]

2.32 [1.26, 4.30]

 Dire Dawa

  

0.60 [0.35, 1.04]

1.21 [0.70, 2.12]

Community poverty

 Low

  

Ref

Ref

 High

  

0.77 [0.60, 1.02]

1.12 [0.81, 1.53]

Community literacy

 Low

  

Ref

Ref

 High

  

1.37 [1.04, 1.81]

0.94 [0.70, 1.26]

  1. Note: * indicates statistical significance at a p-value less than 0.05, model I: model containing only dependent variable, Model II: model containing only individual-level factors, Model III: model containing only community-level factors, Model IV: full model containing both individual and community factors. Ref = reference category