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Table 5 Sensitivity analysis adjusting for co-participation in outdoor time or physical activity in models of park access and mental health

From: Park access and mental health among parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Outcome

Adjusting for co-participation

Adjusting for PA

 

β

(95% CI)

p-value

β

(95% CI)

p-value

Child SDQ a

 Total difficulties score

-1.12

(-2.13, -0.11)

0.030

-1.04

(-2.04, -0.05)

0.039

 Internalizing score

-0.63

(-1.17, -0.08)

0.024

-0.57

(-1.11, -0.04)

0.037

 Externalizing score

-0.46

(-1.06, 0.13)

0.129

-0.44

(-1.03, 0.14)

0.139

Parent PHQ-4 b

 Total score

-0.85

(-1.34, -0.36)

0.001

-0.90

(-1.39, -0.41)

 < 0.001

 Anxiety score

-0.36

(-0.63, -0.10)

0.007

-0.38

(-0.65, -0.12)

0.004

 Depression score

-0.49

(-0.75, -0.22)

0.000

-0.51

(-0.78, -0.25)

 < 0.001

  1. aModels of child SDQ also included adjustment for child age, gender, prior anxiety/depression, prior ADHD or behavioral problem, race/ethnicity, parent education, home ownership, school status, COVID-19 impact scale, and urbanicity
  2. bModels of parent mental health also included adjustment for parent gender, race/ethnicity, born outside the US, education, home ownership, COVID-19 impact scale, and urbanicity