Table 6 Multilevel regression analysis showing associated factors to use of modern contraceptive (mCPR) among currently married women aged 15–49 years in Punjab and Manipur, 2015–16

Individual & household level variables

 State

  Punjab (Ref.)

  Manipur

0.05 (0.03, 0.08)***

0.12 (0.06, 0.24)***

 Years of schooling

 No schooling (Ref.)

   < 10 years

1.03 (0.78, 1.36)

1.03 (0.78, 1.36)

  10 + years

0.77 (0.56, 1.05)

0.77 (0.56, 1.05)

 Women autonomy

 Low (Ref.)

  Medium

1.48 (1.17, 1.88)***

1.47 (1.16, 1.86)***

  High

1.37 (1.08, 1.76)**

1.35 (1.06, 1.72)**

 Age of women (in years)

 15–24 years (Ref.)

  25–34 years

2.10 (1.50, 2.95)***

2.10 (1.50, 2.94)***

  35–49 years

1.79 (1.23, 2.60)**

1.77 (1.22, 2.57)**

 Parity

 0–1 child (Ref.)

  2 children

3.10 (2.36, 4.09)***

3.05 (2.32, 4.00)***

  3 + children

3.06 (2.21, 4.24)***

3.03 (2.19, 4.19)***

 Desire for more children

 No (Ref.)

  Yes

0.58 (0.44, 0.77)***

0.57 (0.43, 0.76)***

 Currently working

 No (Ref.)

  Yes

1.03 (0.81, 1.30)

1.03 (0.82, 1.31)

 Religion

 Hindu (Ref.)

  Non-Hindu

0.91 (0.72, 1.14)

0.97 (0.77, 1.21)

 Caste

 SC/ST (Ref.)

  OBC

0.86 (0.65, 1.13)

0.84 (0.64, 1.12)

  Others

0.97 (0.75, 1.25)

0.94 (0.73, 1.21)

 Household wealth index

 Poor (Ref.)

  Middle

1.18 (0.90, 1.55)

1.17 (0.89, 1.53)

  Rich

1.26 (0.96, 1.65)

1.26 (0.96, 1.64)*

Community level variables

 Place of residence

  Rural (Ref.)

  Urban

0.88 (0.68, 1.14)

0.87 (0.67, 1.12)

 FLWs outreach for FP

  < 30% (Ref.)

  30–60%

1.15 (0.86, 1.54)

1.12 (0.84, 1.50)

  60 + %

1.27 (0.92, 1.74)

1.18 (0.86, 1.62)

District level variables

 Method information index

   < 20% (Ref.)

  20–40%

1.19 (0.66, 2.15)

  40 + %

3.36 (1.65, 6.84)***

 Exposure to FP message through media

  < 25% (Ref.)

  25 + %

0.91 (0.32, 2.58)

 Knowledge about source of FP services

  < 20% (Ref.)

  20–40%

1.39 (0.92, 2.09)

  40 + %

0.72 (0.32, 1.62)

 Facility readiness for at least one clinical method

  < 20% (Ref.)

  20–40%

1.68 (0.82, 3.47)

  40 + %

1.64 (0.73, 3.66)

  Constant

0.85 (0.51, 1.41)

0.48 (0.27, 0.84)**

0.15 (0.05, 0.47)***

 Random effect parameters

  Variance [SE]

  District level

1.90 [0.50]

0.26 [0.10]

0.05 [0.04]

  Community level

0.19 [0.02]

0.43 [0.09]

0.43 [0.09]

  Individual & household level

0.00 [0.00]

0.00 [0.00]

0.00 [0.00]

 VPC (PCV in %)

  District level

0.01 (80.8%)

  Community level

0.12 (0.0%)

  Individual & household level

0.00 (0.0%)