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Table 2 Baseline characteristics according to BMI change groups

From: Effect of physical activity on the development and the resolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver in relation to body mass index

 

BMI Change >0 (n = 87,316)

BMI Change ≤0 (n = 42,828)

P value

Age (years)

36.76 ± 6.74

37.95 ± 7.40

<0.001

Male (n, %)

46,007 (52.69)

22,695 (52.99)

0.307

Glucose (mg/dL)

92.49 ± 10.18

94.26 ± 12.77

<0.001

AST (IU/L)

20.70 ± 10.22

21.76 ± 12.13

<0.001

ALT (IU/L)

21.19 ± 17.37

23.60 ± 19.90

<0.001

GGT (IU/L)

25.50 ± 26.31

28.61 ± 31.02

<0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)a

83 (60,120)

92 (65,137)

<0.001

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

59.15 ± 14.82

57.35 ± 14.83

<0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

117.26 ± 30.83

121.37 ± 31.74

<0.001

Insulin (IU/mL)

5.52 ± 3.63

6.11 ± 3.84

<0.001

HOMA IR

1.28 ± 0.92

1.46 ± 1.06

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

22.64 ± 3.18

23.42 ± 3.25

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

79.98 ± 9.18

82.08 ± 9.29

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

106.59 ± 12.39

107.87 ± 12.97

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

68.27 ± 9.31

69.08 ± 9.85

<0.001

Education

  ≤ High school

10,069 (11.53)

4825 (11.27)

 

  ≥ College graduate

67,534 (77.34)

32,938 (76.91)

 

 Unknown

14,778 (11.36)

5065 (11.83)

 

Smoking status (n, %)

  

<0.001

 Never/former smoker

64,505 (73.88)

31,850 (74.37)

 

 Current smoker

15,585 (17.85)

7199 (16.81)

 

 Unknown

7226 (8.28)

3779 (8.82)

 

Alcohol (g/day)

4 (2, 10)

4 (1, 10)

0.496

NAFLD

20,619 (23.61)

13,566 (31.68)

<0.001

NAFLD status

  

<0.001

 Incident NAFLD

11,654 (13.35)

2412 (5.63)

 

 Resolution of NAFLD

1336 (1.53)

2439 (5.69)

 

Temporal BMI changes

1.04 ± 0.89

−0.77 ± 0.80

<0.001

FIB-4 score

0.74 ± 0.30

0.77 ± 0.32

<0.001

NAFLD fibrosis score

−3.05 ± 0.93

−2.92 ± 0.98

<0.001

  1. Numbers are mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or percentages
  2. aTriglyceride was log-transformed for this analysis
  3. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, FIB-4 Fibrosis-4, HDL-cholesterol High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HEPA Health-enhancing physical activity, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, LDL-cholesterol Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, SBP Systolic blood pressure