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Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to baseline physical activity groups

From: Effect of physical activity on the development and the resolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver in relation to body mass index

 

Inactive (n = 64,688)

Active (n = 46,325)

HEPA (n = 19,131)

P value

Age (years)

36.71 ± 6.50

37.25 ± 7.09

38.41 ± 8.06

<0.001

Male (n, %)

29,550 (45.99)

27,950 (60.33)

11,002 (57.51)

<0.001

Glucose (mg/dL)

92.76 ± 11.45

93.37 ± 10.93

93.40 ± 10.45

<0.001

AST (IU/L)

20.58 ± 10.44

21.32 ± 10.65

21.94 ± 12.78

<0.001

ALT (IU/L)

21.62 ± 18.44

22.72 ± 18.73

21.41 ± 16.48

<0.001

GGT (IU/L)

26.12 ± 28.55

27.53 ± 27.85

25.45 ± 26.27

<0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)a

85 (61–125)

88 (63–129)

81 (59–117)

0.0001

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

58.68 ± 14.84

57.87 ± 14.70

59.84 ± 15.15

<0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

117.70 ± 31.42

119.89 ± 31.06

118.61 ± 30.60

<0.001

Insulin (IU/mL)

5.92 ± 3.72

5.66 ± 3.55

5.18 ± 4.01

<0.001

HOMA IR

1.38 ± 0.98

1.33 ± 0.93

1.22 ± 1.02

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

22.66 ± 3.29

23.08 ± 3.17

23.25 ± 3.05

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

80.14 ± 9.48

81.27 ± 9.13

81.02 ± 8.79

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

105.75 ± 12.37

108.01 ± 12.52

108.85 ± 12.79

<0.001

DBP (mmHg)

68.00 ± 9.48

69.09 ± 9.49

69.02 ± 9.50

0.964

Education

   

<0.001

  ≤ High school

8014 (12.39)

3856 (8.32)

3024 (15.81)

 

  ≥ College graduate

50,350 (77.84)

36,438 (78.66)

13,684 (71.53)

 

 Unknown

6324 (9.78)

6031 (13.02)

2423 (12.67)

 

Smoking status (n, %)

   

<0.001

 Never/former smoker

49,091 (75.89)

33,400 (72.10)

13,864 (72.47)

 

 Current smoker

10,590 (16.37)

8938 (19.29)

3256 (17.02)

 

 Unknown

5007 (7.74)

3987 (8.61)

2011 (10.51)

 

Alcohol (g/day)

4 (1–10)

5 (2–11)

5 (2–11)

0.001

NAFLD

16,447 (25.43)

13,088 (28.25)

4650 (24.31)

<0.001

NAFLD status

   

<0.001

 Incident NAFLD

6316 (9.76)

5390 (11.64)

2360 (12.34)

 

 Resolution of NAFLD

1825 (2.82)

1404 (3.03)

546 (2.85)

 

Temporal BMI changes

0.42 ± 1.22

0.45 ± 1.18

0.52 ± 1.25

<0.001

BMI Change Groups

   

<0.001

 BMI Change >0

21,747 (33.62)

14,995 (32.37)

6086 (31.81)

 

 BMI Change ≤0

42,941 (66.38)

31,330 (67.63)

13,045 (68.19)

 

 FIB-4 score

0.73 ± 0.28

0.76 ± 0.31

0.82 ± 0.35

<0.001

 NAFLD fibrosis score

−3.07 ± 0.93

−2.99 ± 0.95

−2.83 ± 0.98

<0.001

  1. Numbers are mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or percentages
  2. aTriglyceride was log-transformed for this analysis
  3. Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, FIB-4 Fibrosis-4, HDL-cholesterol High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HEPA Health-enhancing physical activity, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, LDL-cholesterol Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, SBP Systolic blood pressure
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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