What causes loneliness among household heads: a study based in primary setting in Mumbai, India

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Adjusted odds ratio of loneliness by selected background characteristics, Mumbai India 2016

			Model 2		Model 3
	OR	SE	OR	SE	OR
Sex
Male®
Female					3.05**	[1.11 8.38]
Marital status
Currently married®
Others					3.83***	[1.47 9.94]
Family type
Joint®
Nuclear Plus					2.25	[0.53 9.58]
Nuclear					3.05**	[1.16 8.03]
Single					19.99***	[4.14 96.59]
Year of schooling
More than 12 years®
Up to 12 years					2.44*	[0.89 6.65]
Personal relation
Low®
High			2.26***	[1.27 4.00]	2.57**	[1.11 5.94]
Civic engagement
Low®
High			0.37***	[0.24 0.58]	0.30***	[0.14 0.65]
Trust and cooperation
Low®
High			0.28***	[0.17 0.48]	0.19***	[0.09 0.41]
Chronic disease status
No chronic disease®
One chronic disease					1.09	[0.50 2.37]
Two /More chronic disease					4.87***	[1.52 15.57]
Alcohol use
No®
Weekly					3.88**	[1.05 14.33]
Occasionally					0.57	[0.11 3.06]
Type of locality
HRB®
Slums	1.18	[0.53 2.66]			3.52	[0.46 27.08]
SRH	8.88***	[4.31 18.31]			51.0***	[6.84 380.39]
Chawls	1.18	[0.53 2.66]			3.7	[0.62 22.22]
Old colonies	2.96***	[1.42 6.16]			3.4*	[0.82 14.08]
_cons	0.17	[0.09 0.30]	0.73*	[0.51 1.05]	0.01***	[0.00 0.08]
Log-likelihood	-236.12		-244.12		-147.71
Note: ®- Reference Category; p < .05p < .01; **p < .001; Other controlled confounding variables in Model—3: Age, PCI, Family support, Smoking, Physical activity

ISSN: 1471-2458