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Table 3 Percent distribution of household heads who reported loneliness by different background characteristics, Mumbai India 2016

From: What causes loneliness among household heads: a study based in primary setting in Mumbai, India

  

Never

lonely

 

Age of the household head

25-45 years

82.2

17.8

Χ2 = 20.758, Pr = 0.001

45-65 years

70.6

29.5

65 and above

57.5

42.5

Sex

male

77.1

22.9

Χ2 = 46.746, Pr = 0.001

female

32.1

67.9

Year of schooling

More than 12

81.6

18.4

Χ2 = 17.272, Pr = 0.001

Up to 12

63.9

36.1

Family type

Joint

63.3

36.7

Χ2 = 61.602, Pr = 0.001

Nuclear Plus

83.0

17.0

Nuclear

78.6

21.4

Single

17.7

82.4

Marital status

Currently married

79.4

20.6

Χ2 = 58.852, Pr = 0.001

Others

37.0

63.0

Personal relation

Low

73.0

27.0

Χ2 = 0.605, Pr = 0.436

High

69.6

30.4

Family support

Low

73.4

26.6

Χ2 = 0.861, Pr = 0.353

High

69.4

30.6

Trust and cooperation

Low

64.0

36.0

Χ2 = 16.797, Pr = 0.001

High

81.5

18.5

Civic engagement

Low

60.2

39.8

Χ2 = 19.963, Pr = 0.001

High

79.6

20.5

Smoking

No

69.5

30.5

Χ2 = 13.825, Pr = 0.001

Frequently everyday

62.9

37.1

everyday

92.6

7.4

Alcohol abuse

No

69.1

30.9

Χ2 = 12.814, Pr = 0.002

Weekly

69.8

30.2

Occasionally

93.8

6.3

Physical activity

Inactive

75.2

24.8

Χ2 = 3.365, Pr = 0.067

Active

67.4

32.7

Chronic disease status

No disease

79.6

20.4

Χ2 = 34.803, Pr = 0.001

One chronic disease

67.5

32.5

Two/More chronic disease

40.4

59.6

Type of locality

HRB

85.6

14.4

Χ2 = 66.324, Pr = 0.001

Slums

83.3

16.7

Chawls

83.3

16.7

Old colonies

66.7

33.3

SRH

40.0

60.0