From: Understanding the effect of loneliness on unemployment: propensity score matching
Wave 9 (n = 19,566) | Wave 10 (n = 18,833) | |
---|---|---|
Age 16–65, mean(SD) | 43.51 (13.24) | 43.69 (13.26) |
Gender, n(%) | ||
Male | 9,047 (46.24) | 8,669 (46.03) |
Female | 10,519 (53.76) | 10,164 (53.97) |
Ethnicity, n(%) | ||
White background | 16,035 (81.95) | 15,446 (82.02) |
Mixed background | 431 (2.20) | 438 (2.33) |
Asian background | 2,147 (10.97) | 2,052 (10.90) |
Black background | 849 (4.34) | 792 (4.21) |
Other ethnic group | 104 (0.53) | 105 (0.56) |
Education, n(%) | ||
Higher degree or equivalent | 8,803 (44.99) | 8,693 (46.16) |
A/AS level or equivalent | 2,231 (11.40) | 2,131 (11.32) |
GCSE/O level | 4,176 (21.34) | 3,898 (20.70) |
Other school certificate | 1,184 (6.06) | 1,097 (5.82) |
None of the above | 3,171 (16.21) | 3,014 (16.00) |
Marital status, n(%) | ||
Single, never married/civil partnership | 6,578 (33.62) | 6,292 (33.41) |
Married/civil partner | 10,587 (54.11) | 10,244 (54.39) |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 2,401 (12.27) | 2,297 (12.20) |
Household composition, n(%) | ||
1 adult no children | 2,343 (11.97) | 2,246 (11.93) |
1 adult with child/children | 653 (3.34) | 604 (3.21) |
Couple no children | 4,482 (22.91) | 4,239 (22.51) |
Couple with child/children | 5,092 (26.02) | 4,891 (25.97) |
2 or more adults, no couples, no children | 1,352 (6.91) | 1,305 (6.93) |
2 or more adults, no couples, 1 or more children | 720 (3.68) | 726 (3.85) |
3 or more adults, at least 1 couple, no children | 3,124 (15.97) | 3,078 (16.34) |
3 or more adults, at least 1 couple, 1 or more children | 1,800 (9.20) | 1,744 (9.26) |
Number of own children in household, n(%) | ||
0 | 13,208 (67.50) | 12,784 (67.88) |
1 | 2,814 (14.38) | 2,660 (14.12) |
2 | 2,743 (14.02) | 2,630 (13.96) |
3 or more | 801 (4.09) | 759 (4.03) |
Region, n(%) | ||
North (East/West/Yorkshire and the Humber) | 4,525 (23.13) | 4,439 (23.57) |
Midlands (East/West) | 3,184 (16.27) | 3,057 (16.23) |
South (East of England/London/East/West) | 8,301 (42.43) | 7,907 (41.98) |
Wales | 1,102 (5.63) | 1,043 (5.54) |
Scotland | 1,476 (7.54) | 1,463 (7.77) |
Northern Ireland | 978 (5.00) | 924 (4.91) |
How often feels lonely, n(%) | ||
Hardly ever or never | 12,196 (62.33) | 11,342 (60.22) |
Some of the time | 5,744 (29.36) | 5,965 (31.67) |
Often | 1,626 (8.31) | 1,526 (8.10) |
Current economic activity, n(%) | ||
Employed | 16,319 (83.40) | 15,734 (83.54) |
Unemployed | 3,247 (16.60) | 3,099 (16.46) |