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Table 1 Descriptive statistics

From: Understanding the effect of loneliness on unemployment: propensity score matching

 

Wave 9 (n = 19,566)

Wave 10 (n = 18,833)

Age 16–65, mean(SD)

43.51 (13.24)

43.69 (13.26)

Gender, n(%)

 Male

9,047 (46.24)

8,669 (46.03)

 Female

10,519 (53.76)

10,164 (53.97)

Ethnicity, n(%)

 White background

16,035 (81.95)

15,446 (82.02)

 Mixed background

431 (2.20)

438 (2.33)

 Asian background

2,147 (10.97)

2,052 (10.90)

 Black background

849 (4.34)

792 (4.21)

 Other ethnic group

104 (0.53)

105 (0.56)

Education, n(%)

 Higher degree or equivalent

8,803 (44.99)

8,693 (46.16)

 A/AS level or equivalent

2,231 (11.40)

2,131 (11.32)

 GCSE/O level

4,176 (21.34)

3,898 (20.70)

 Other school certificate

1,184 (6.06)

1,097 (5.82)

 None of the above

3,171 (16.21)

3,014 (16.00)

Marital status, n(%)

 Single, never married/civil partnership

6,578 (33.62)

6,292 (33.41)

 Married/civil partner

10,587 (54.11)

10,244 (54.39)

 Separated/divorced/widowed

2,401 (12.27)

2,297 (12.20)

Household composition, n(%)

 1 adult no children

2,343 (11.97)

2,246 (11.93)

 1 adult with child/children

653 (3.34)

604 (3.21)

 Couple no children

4,482 (22.91)

4,239 (22.51)

 Couple with child/children

5,092 (26.02)

4,891 (25.97)

 2 or more adults, no couples, no children

1,352 (6.91)

1,305 (6.93)

 2 or more adults, no couples, 1 or more children

720 (3.68)

726 (3.85)

 3 or more adults, at least 1 couple, no children

3,124 (15.97)

3,078 (16.34)

 3 or more adults, at least 1 couple, 1 or more children

1,800 (9.20)

1,744 (9.26)

Number of own children in household, n(%)

 0

13,208 (67.50)

12,784 (67.88)

 1

2,814 (14.38)

2,660 (14.12)

 2

2,743 (14.02)

2,630 (13.96)

 3 or more

801 (4.09)

759 (4.03)

Region, n(%)

 North (East/West/Yorkshire and the Humber)

4,525 (23.13)

4,439 (23.57)

 Midlands (East/West)

3,184 (16.27)

3,057 (16.23)

 South (East of England/London/East/West)

8,301 (42.43)

7,907 (41.98)

 Wales

1,102 (5.63)

1,043 (5.54)

 Scotland

1,476 (7.54)

1,463 (7.77)

 Northern Ireland

978 (5.00)

924 (4.91)

How often feels lonely, n(%)

 Hardly ever or never

12,196 (62.33)

11,342 (60.22)

 Some of the time

5,744 (29.36)

5,965 (31.67)

 Often

1,626 (8.31)

1,526 (8.10)

Current economic activity, n(%)

 Employed

16,319 (83.40)

15,734 (83.54)

 Unemployed

3,247 (16.60)

3,099 (16.46)