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Fig. 1 | BMC Public Health

Fig. 1

From: Obesogenic environments and cardiovascular disease: a path analysis using US nationally representative data

Fig. 1

Conceptual Model; Path Diagram Illustrating Direct and Indirect Effects Linking Environmental Obesogenicity and Cardiovascular Disease. Note: Environmental Obesogenicity (X) incorporates number of grocery stores, farmer’s markets, superstores, recreation centers, convenient stores, fast food restaurants, and no access to a private vehicle and in an area with low access to a healthful food store per 1000 residents, and crime rates. Health-compromising behaviors (M1) consist of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and physical activity. Multi-system physiological dysregulation (M2) incorporates blood pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BMI, and C-reactive protein. Covariates (age, sex, highest degree, race/ethnicity, county-level education, and county-level population density) were adjusted in all analyses. Numbers indicate coefficients of each pathway. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

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