Table 4 Contributing factors for coexisting forms of malnutrition (N = 15)
Author name (Year) | Country | Malnutrition type | Contributing factors for coexisting forms of malnutrition | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Sex | Birth size & birthweight | Birth interval and birth order | Food and diet | Health and disease status | Health insurance | Antenatal consultations | Parent’s education | Maternal occupation | Parental obesity & short stature | Maternal age | Socioeconomic stratus | Family size | Water, sanitation, and toilet | Region | |||
Florencio, et al., (2001) | Brazil | CUW | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
Fernald & Neufeld (2007) | Mexico | CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
Severi & Moratorio, (2014) | Uruguay | CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Rachmi, et al., (2016) | Indonesia | CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
Saaka & Galaa (2016) | Ghana | CWS | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
Zhang, et al., (2016) | China | CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Garenne, et al., (2018) | Senegal | CWS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
Fongar, et al., (2019) | Kenya | CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
Islam & Biswas, (2019) | Bangladesh | CFUa | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Yasmin, et al., (2019) | Indonesia | CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Ferreira, (2020) | Brazil | CWS | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
Benedict, et al., (2020) | Thailand | CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Farah, et al., (2021) | Ethiopia | CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Roba, et al., (2021) | Ethiopia | CWS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
Khaliq, et al., (2021) | Pakistan | CUW CUS CUWS CSO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||