Table 3 UTB determinants to not vaping

Vaping is bad for your lungs (behavioral belief)

Not many my peers attending gym class anymore because they become short breath. Because they kept using their devices- coughing, some of them getting sick, because they took too much nicotine. (Sharing Circle)

14

Vaping is like “digging yourself into a hole” (behavioral belief)

I was just getting more and more addicted to it and I was becoming sad, gaining depression. And I had to dig myself out of that hole with friends and family and having conversations about how I wasn’t feeling okay. I had to go outside of my comfort zone and talk about how I was weak when it came to addiction. (Sharing Circle)

10

Family/community connectedness (normative beliefs)

It brings me hope and it makes me happy because participating in culture and connecting with my community means a lot to me. And I feel like I learned more of not only the Nation I’m from, but also more about who I am as a person. Cause like I feel like culture plays a huge role in finding out who you are as a person and what you can do not only to connect with your community, but also other communities within your Nation. That’s how I think of it. (Interview, 1003)

13

Family values and beliefs (normative beliefs)

When someone offers me something like that, I tend to think about what my parents have told me…I tend to think about what my mother tells me and what my dad tells me of what happens with that kind of stuff. (Interview, 1011)

5

Engaging in culture (self-efficacy)

Another thing I’d pick up is my runners for the unity run and like going hiking. I’d rather go hiking around, running, dancing, and I’d be like, “No, I’m good, I’m an athlete, and I’ve got to keep my health in mind.” Because I’d rather participate in my culture and my community. (Interview, 1003)

12

Self-reflection (self-efficacy)

What I did to stop was [by] questioning myself and saying, “Why am I doing this? What am I gaining? Am I gaining anything?” “No”, was the answer. I was getting nothing. (Sharing Circle)

11

Avoidance/resistance strategies (self-efficacy)

I always try to get my friends to maybe draw, just talk, or find games that we can do together… because I mean, it was really a red flag whenever they asked to go outside, because I mean, that’s where they mostly did [the vaping.] (Sharing Circle)

10

Access to supportive adults/band (environment)

And I had, I had to find a way out [of vaping] and my way out was by [having conversations] with people I can trust. That was my way to stop vaping before. (Sharing Circle)

12

School policies (environment)

I think a school is supposed to be like a good role model. I guess not [a place] to do bad things. (Interview, 1008)

[School policies] encourage many people not to bring any vapes, and encourage people to do more learning than vaping. Schools shouldn’t be the place where you have habits like that. (Interview, 1002)

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