Visual impairment and employment in Norway

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Associations of employment with outcomes of depression and life satisfaction in people with visual impairment (N = 574), estimated using gamma Generalized Linear Models for depression and Heterogeneous Choice Models for life satisfaction

	Mean (SD)	Unadjusted Exp(beta) (95% CI)^a^b	p-value	Adjusted Exp(beta) (95% CI)^a^bc	p-value
Depression
Not employed	6.5 (6.1)	Reference		Reference
Employed	4.6 (4.7)	0.70 (0.60, 0.83)	< 0.001	0.80 (0.67, 0.96)	0.02
Life satisfaction
Not employed	6.4 (2.2)	Reference		Reference
Employed	7.3 (1.7)	1.97 (1.52, 2.56)	< 0.001	1.85 (1.32, 2.59)	< 0.001

Exp exponentiated, CI confidence interval; ^a the exponentiated betas for depression can be interpreted as percentage difference in mean scores, whereas the exponentiated betas for life satisfaction can be interpreted as odds ratios; ^b higher scores on depression indicates more depressive symptoms, whereas higher scores on life satisfaction indicates higher life satisfaction; ^cadjusted for gender, age (years: 18–35, 36–50, 51–67), education (years: < 13, ≥ 13), marital status (married/cohabitant, other), municipal income level (low, moderate, high), onset-age of vision loss (continuous), severity of vision loss (moderate, severe/blind), and having other impairments (no, yes)

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