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Fig. 3 | BMC Public Health

Fig. 3

From: Individual-, family- and school-based interventions to prevent multiple risk behaviours relating to alcohol, tobacco and drug use in young people aged 8-25 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fig. 3

Forest plot for short term heavy alcohol use (<12 months) by intervention level.The plot shows the data meta-analysed in intervention-level subgroups (school, family, individual, combination and universal or targeted) for the short-term (as close to 12 months post-intervention end as possible) heavy alcohol use outcome. Red boxes represent point estimate (odds ratio) and horizontal lines the 95% confidence intervals. Black diamonds are pooled estimates for each subgroup. Estimates above 1 (on the right-hand side of the y-axis labelled ‘favours control’) suggests a lower heavy alcohol use in the control group compared to the intervention group, while estimates below 1 (on the left-hand side of the y-axis labelled ‘favours intervention’ suggests lower heavy alcohol use in the intervention group compared to the control group. The overall pooled estimate was not calculated as the subgroups differ by design and a decision was made a priori to report subgroups separately

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