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Table 1 Analytical sample characteristics, Finnish unemployed men and women aged 30–60 in 2009–2018

From: Health-related selection into employment among the unemployed

 

Men

Women

N

%

Mean [SD]

N

%

Mean [SD]

Individuals

394,999

  

419,086

  

Unemployment spells

1,349,975

 

4.1 [4.7]

1,508,548

 

4.8 [6.5]

Unemployment spell duration, days

  

198.0 [211.1]

  

161.0 [188.7]

Unemployment spell outcomes

 Unemployed

469,915

34.8

 

425,128

28.2

 

 Employed

606,589

44.9

 

773,739

51.3

 

  Stable

314,956

23.3

 

470,717

31.2

 

  Unstable

291,633

21.6

 

303,022

20.1

 

 Training, education, labor market program

264,565

19.6

 

305,235

20.2

 

 Migrated, retired, died

8906

0.7

 

4446

0.3

 

 Agea

  

44.1 [9.3]

  

43.9 [9.1]

Educationa

 Basic

 

54.0

  

46.0

 

 Secondary

 

49.9

  

50.1

 

 Tertiary

 

35.6

  

64.4

 

Health conditions prior to unemployment onseta

 Any alcohol-related conditions, poisonings

62,084

4.6

 

23,297

1.5

 

 Any psychiatric conditions, self-harm

61,186

4.5

 

99,996

6.6

 

  Depression

35,803

2.7

 

58.259

3.9

 

  Anxiety disorders

16,315

1.2

 

23,932

1.6

 

  Substance use disorders

57,223

4.2

 

21,095

1.4

 

 Any injuries

157,716

11.7

 

116,117

7.7

 

 Any physical conditions

401,426

29.7

 

559,999

37.1

 

  Cancer

11,334

0.8

 

25,633

1.7

 

  Diabetes

62,357

4.6

 

46,505

3.1

 

  Heart disease

45,829

3.4

 

25,770

1.7

 

  Neurological conditions

67,711

5.0

 

82,889

5.5

 
  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation
  2. a Presented as the share of all unemployment spells. Stable employment was defined as still being employed at the end of the calendar year following the initial date of employment, and unstable employment as no longer being employed. For the definitions of the general aspects of health and the specific health conditions, please see Measurements and Additional file 2