Variables | Crude OR | 95% CI | P-Value* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
Sociodemographic profile | |||||
Age | < 32 | 1.32 | 1.04 | 1.67 | 0.025 |
32-41 | 1.82 | 1.44 | 2.29 | < 0.001 | |
42-53 | 1.42 | 1.15 | 1.82 | 0.002 | |
> 53 | 1 | ||||
Sex | Male | 1.21 | 0.81 | 1.80 | 0.335 |
Female | 1 | ||||
Nationality | Malaysian | 1.66 | 1.24 | 2.20 | < 0.001 |
Non-Malaysian | 1 | ||||
Locality | Urban | 1.25 | 1.01 | 1.54 | 0.042 |
Rural | 1 | ||||
Ethnicity | Malay | 1 | |||
Chinese | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.63 | < 0.001 | |
Indian | 1.34 | 1.08 | 1.65 | 0.007 | |
Others | 1.14 | 0.78 | 1.65 | 0.503 | |
Non-Malaysian | 0.57 | 0.43 | 0.76 | < 0.001 | |
Education Level | No formal education | 1.92 | 1.41 | 2.28 | < 0.001 |
Primary school | 1.51 | 1.07 | 2.15 | 0.020 | |
Secondary school | 1.79 | 1.41 | 2.28 | < 0.001 | |
Higher education | 1 | ||||
Income level | ≤2160 | 2.27 | 1.70 | 3.04 | < 0.001 |
> 2160 | 1 | ||||
Employment status | Employed | 1.38 | 1.18 | 1.61 | < 0.001 |
Un-employed | 1 | ||||
Disease profile | |||||
TB anatomical location | Extrapulmonary | 1 | |||
Pulmonary | 1.13 | 0.88 | 1.44 | 0.346 | |
TB case categories | New case | 1 | |||
Previously treated cases | 2.73 | 2.18 | 3.43 | < 0.001 | |
TB case detection | Passive | 1 | |||
Active | 2.27 | 1.63 | 3.19 | < 0.001 | |
BCG status | Yes | 1 | |||
No | 0.68 | 0.53 | 0.87 | 0.003 | |
X-ray status | |||||
No lesions | 1 | ||||
Minimal lesions | 1.06 | 0.79 | 1.42 | 0.685 | |
Moderate lesions | 1.44 | 1.06 | 1.94 | 0.019 | |
Severe lesions | 1.27 | 0.72 | 2.24 | 0.406 | |
Sputum status | Negative | ||||
Positive | 1.28 | 1.08 | 1.52 | 0.004 | |
Comorbidity | |||||
HIV status | No | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.78 | 1.38 | 2.31 | < 0.001 | |
DM status | No | 1 | |||
Yes | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.99 | 0.048 |