Table 3 Model 5 of hierarchical linear regression of factors associated with resilience among caretakers (n = 621)

Coping skills

Coping cluster

(Ref: Maladaptive coping skills)

2.58

-1.02

6.18

1.83

0.225

Active coping

1.24

0.30

2.17

0.48

0.014

Denial

0.15

-0.37

0.67

0.27

0.521

Substance use

0.66

-0.55

1.88

0.62

0.489

Emotional support

0.99

0.21

1.78

0.40

0.012

Instrumental support

1.36

0.66

2.06

0.36

<0.001

Behavioral disengagement

-0.70

-1.28

-0.12

0.30

0.024

Venting

0.66

0.01

1.30

0.33

0.164

Positive reframing

0.40

-0.26

1.05

0.33

0.151

Planning

0.64

-0.17

1.45

0.41

0.117

Humor

-0.15

-0.85

0.56

0.36

0.259

Acceptance

0.67

-0.08

1.43

0.38

0.058

Religious coping

1.13

-0.43

1.84

0.36

<0.001

Self-blame

-0.66

-1.21

-0.11

0.28

0.003

Self-distraction

-0.49

-1.04

0.06

0.28

0.025

Structural factors

Type of school

(Ref: Special needs schools)

-3.38

-5.73

-1.04

1.10

0.005

Formal social support from school

2.33

0.27

4.40

1.05

0.031

Informal social support from family

2.49

-0.48

5.24

1.46

0.091

Socio-demographic factors

Caretaker’s education level

(Ref: complete primary)

0.62

0.08

1.15

0.27

0.017

Employment status

(Ref: no employment)

3.53

5.57

1.48

1.04

<0.001

Caretaker's age

(Ref: 18-25yrs.)

0.20

-0.93

1.33

0.57

0.023

Child's age *

(Ref: 3-6 yrs.)

1.87

0.31

3.43

0.54

0.021