Table 2 Personal, Peer and Family Substance Use and Problems by Coffee/ED Use Group

 Alcohol Use

< 0.0001

1.58 (1.30, 1.91)

2.43 (1.91, 3.09)

1.54 (1.21, 1.96)

 Non-user

52.7%

41.3%

31.4%

 Minimal User

37.1%

43.4%

46.9%

 Moderate User

9.0%

13.3%

18.7%

 Heavy/Problem User

1.3%

2.0%

3.1%

 Strong desire to Drink

3.3%

4.8%

7.0%

0.0125

1.47 (0.91, 2.37)

2.21 (1.31, 3.73)

1.50 (0.91, 32.46)

 Tolerance

6.7%

10.8%

17.5%

< 0.0001

1.68 (1.24, 2.29)

2.94 (2.11, 4.12)

1.75 (1.27, 2.41)

 Want to stop Drinking

6.6%

9.4%

15.1%

0.0035

1.46 (1.04, 2.05)

2.49 (1.72, 3.62)

1.71 (1.19, 2.45)

 Drank more than Intended

7.5%

12.7%

19.7%

< 0.0001

1.78 (1.31, 2.42)

3.02 (2.15, 4.23)

1.70 (1.23, 2.33)

 Became drunk Unintentionally

6.9%

8.1%

13.1%

0.0004

1.19 (0.86, 1.66)

2.04 (1.42, 2.93)

1.71 (1.19, 2.45)

 Reduced activities because of Drinking

3.8%

3.8%

7.9%

0.0011

0.99 (0.62, 1.56)

2.15 (1.35, 3.43)

2.19 (1.36, 3.52)

 Spent several days Recovering from Effects

5.3%

5.8%

10.3%

0.0005

1.10 (0.77, 1.58)

2.05 (1.40, 3.01)

1.86 (1.26, 2.74)

 Use caused physical/mental Problems

3.2%

3.7%

6.7%

0.0075

1.17 (0.72, 1.92)

2.19 (1.31, 3.68)

1.87 (1.13, 3.11)

 Withdrawal

1.7%

1.3%

2.7%

0.1245

0.76 (0.38, 1.51)

1.63 (0.83, 3.18)

2.15 (1.01, 4.54)

 Cannabis 6+ Times

14.7%

18.1%

29.5%

< 0.0001

1.29 (1.02, 1.63)

2.43 (1.85, 3.19)

1.89 (1.43, 2.49)

 Sedatives 6+ Times

0.9%

1.1%

3.2%

0.0003

1.20 (0.58, 2.49)

3.51 (1.76, 7.00)

2.92 (1.51, 5.64)

 Stimulants 6+ Times

1.3%

2.4%

3.8%

0.0003

1.89 (1.10, 3.22)

3.10 (1.78, 5.40)

1.64 (0.99, 2.72)

 Cocaine 6+ Times

0.5%

0.3%

1.2%

0.0452

0.64 (0.18, 2.26)

2.63 (0.94, 7.38)

4.10 (1.21, 13.90)

 Opioids 6+ Times

0.7%

0.5%

1.4%

0.0485

0.78 (0.34, 1.77)

2.04 (0.98, 4.27)

2.62 (1.14, 6.04)

Smoked 1+ Cigarettes

17.6%

29.0%

38.6%

<.0001

1.91 (1.53, 2.39)

2.94 (2.25, 3.84)

1.53 (1.18, 2.00)

Smoking Quantity

< 0.0001

1.86 (1.50, 2.31)

3.21 (2.48, 4.13)

1.73 (1.34, 2.22)

 0 Cigarettes

82.8%

72.2%

60.0%

 1–99 Cigarettes

13.9%

21.9%

30.2%

 100+ Cigarettes

3.3%

5.9%

9.8%

Number of Friends who Smoke

< 0.0001

1.58 (1.30, 1.93)

2.51 (1.95, 3.24)

1.59 (1.23, 2.06)

 None of them

49.7%

38.6%

28.4%

 A few/Some of them

44.9%

53.3%

59.4%

 Most/All of them

5.4%

8.1%

12.2%

 Alcohol Problems

4.6%

6.0%

8.6%

0.0104

1.32 (0.90, 1.95)

1.95 (1.26, 3.00)

1.47 (0.97, 2.23)

 Drug Problems

5.1%

5.7%

6.8%

0.4957

1.12 (0.73, 1.72)

1.36 (0.82, 2.26)

1.21 (0.73, 2.03)

 Depression/Anxiety

34.2%

38.9%

45.0%

0.0049

1.22 (0.98, 1.53)

1.57 (1.19, 2.07)

1.28 (0.97, 1.70)

 Alcohol Problems

21.0%

21.2%

29.5%

0.0004

1.01 (0.78, 1.30)

1.57 (1.17, 2.12)

1.55 (1.15, 2.11)

 Drug Problems

14.1%

13.2%

19.7%

0.0193

0.93 (0.69, 1.25)

1.50 (1.07, 2.10)

1.61 (1.14, 2.29)

 Depression/Anxiety

25.0%

26.8%

32.8%

0.0383

1.10 (0.86, 1.41)

1.47 (1.09, 2.12)

1.34 (0.98, 1.81)