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Table 4 Cross-model distribution of expectations for visitors’ use of specific technique categories in intended pathwaysa to good birth outcomes

From: Changing the home visiting research paradigm: models’ perspectives on behavioral pathways and intervention techniques to promote good birth outcomes

How Often Technique Category is Endorsedb

Technique Number and Namec

Required

Recommended

No Expectation but Compatible

Not Compatible

Models Designating as High-Emphasisd

 ≥ 75% of intended pathways

T20

Self-Belief

42%

42%

16%

0%

3

T03

Monitoring and Feedback

37%

48%

15%

0%

3

T22

Monitoring and Follow-up of Referral

35%

56%

9%

0%

3

T21

Referral and Linkage

32%

59%

9%

0%

4

T01

Assess Readiness for Change

30%

49%

21%

0%

1

T14

Credible Source

27%

63%

10%

0%

3

T23

Coordination with Other Services

18%

73%

9%

0%

3

T02

Goals and Planning

16%

73%

11%

0%

3

T04

Provide Social Support

15%

72%

13%

0%

3

T05

Suggest or Arrange Social Supporte

13%

73%

15%

0%

2

T08

Antecedents

8%

75%

17%

0%

1

50–74% of intended pathways

T06

Natural Consequences

10%

51%

39%

0%

1

T12

Repetition and Substitutione

8%

60%

33%

0%

0

T13

Comparison of Outcomese

8%

58%

35%

0%

2

T07

Shape Knowledge of Behavior

8%

54%

38%

0%

1

T11

Associations to Deter Unwanted Behavior

8%

51%

41%

0%

0

T10

Associations to Promote Wanted Behavior

8%

50%

42%

0%

0

T17

Mental Regulation

4%

63%

33%

0%

2

T09

Behavior Observation

1%

63%

35%

0%

1

25–49% of intended pathways

T15

Incentives and Rewards

8%

35%

57%

0%

0

T19

Self-Identity

3%

32%

39%

26%

1

 < 25% of intended pathways

T18

Identity as Example to Others

6%

7%

87%

0%

0

T16

Scheduled Consequences

0%

0%

1%

99%

0

  1. aAn intended pathway is one in which a model designates a maternal behavior as a target behavior by requiring or recommending that visitors promote it as a way to reduce a priority risk
  2. bA technique category is considered endorsed if the model either requires or recommends that the visitor use it in the context of an intended pathway
  3. cNumber and name as in the Appendix
  4. dA model was considered to designate the technique category as high-emphasis if it rated it a “5” for any of its intended pathways in Survey 3
  5. ePercentages do not total 100% due to rounding