Table 1 Background variables (n = 308)

HbA1_c (mmol/mol), median (min, max)

34.4 (23.5, 38.8)

42.1 (39.9, 118.6)

<0.001^a

Men, n (%)

142 (90.4)

15 (9.6)

Women, n (%)

124 (82.1)

27 (17.9)

0.03^b

Age, median (min, max)

35 (18, 90)

52 (18, 76)

<0.001^a

Age groups

 < 45 years, n (%)

174 (65.4)

13 (31.0)

 ≥ 45 and < 60 years, n (%)

46 (17.3)

16 (38.1)

 ≥ 60, n (%)

46 (17.3)

13 (31.0)

<0.001^b

 Married, n (%)

144 (54.1)

29 (69.0)

0.07^b

Educational level

 None, n (%)

71 (26.7)

21 (50.0)

 < 6^th grade, n (%)

58 (21.8)

11 (26.2)

 7–9^th grade, n (%)

83 (31.2)

3 (7.1)

 10–12^th grade, n (%)

41 (15.2)

5 (11.9)

 Higher education

13 (4.9)

2 (4.8)

<0.01^b

 Currently working, n (%)

170 (63.9)

30 (71.4)

0.34^b

 BMI^c, median (min, max)

23.3 (15.7, 42.7)

29.5 (18.1, 47.8)

<0.001^a

BMI categories

 Lower than 25 kg/m², n (%)

160 (63.5)

7 (17.1)

 25-30 kg/m², n (%)

57 (21.4)

16 (39.0)

 Higher than 30 kg/m², n (%)

40 (15.0)

18 (43.9)

<0.001^b

Waist circumference, median (min, max)

 Women

89.0 (60.9, 130.0)

100.0 (80.0, 118.0)

<0.001

 Men

78.0 (62.5, 117.0)

94 (57.6, 112.0)

0.01

Waist circumference categories^d

 W: < 80 cm or M: < 94 cm, n (%)

158 (59.4)

6 (14.3)

 W: ≤ 88 cm or M: ≤ 102 cm, n (%)

40 (15.0)

8 (19.0)

 W: > 88 cm or M: > 102 cm, n (%)

68 (25.6)

28 (66.7)

<0.001^b

PA^e ≥ 30 minutes per day, n (%)

129 (48.7)

15 (37.5)

0.18^b

Daily consumption of FV^f, n (%)

91 (34.2)

13 (31.0)

0.70^b

Medication for high blood pressure, n (%)

23 (8.6)

4 (9.5)

0.91^b

First degree relative^gdiagnosed with diabetes, n (%)

44 (16.8)

11 (26.2)

0.14^b