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Table 2 Association of secondhand smoke exposure with cardiometabolic health among never-smoking adult cancer survivors in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2018

From: Association of secondhand smoke exposure with cardiometabolic health in never-smoking adult cancer survivors: a population-based cross-sectional study

 

No Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Never-Smoking Adult Cancer Survivors

(N = 591)

Secondhand

Smoke Exposure in Never-Smoking Adult Cancer Survivors

(N = 239)

Hypertension (2017 AHA/ACCa)

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.29 (0.88–1.89)

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.31 (0.89–1.93)

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.33 (0.90–1.96)

General obesityb

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.47 (0.98–2.22)

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.47 (0.97–2.23)

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.47 (0.97–2.22)

Abdominal obesityb

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.20 (0.82–1.75)

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.19 (0.81–1.74)

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.20 (0.82–1.75)

Hyperlipidemiac

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

0.99 (0.67–1.47)

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.02 (0.67–1.54)

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.03 (0.68–1.55)

Hypertriglyceridemiac

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.63 (1.08–2.46)*

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.62 (1.06–2.47)*

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.63 (1.07–2.48)*

Reduced HDL-Cc

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.04 (0.72–1.49)

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

0.99 (0.69–1.43)

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.01 (0.70–1.45)

Impaired fasting glucose (ADA/WHOd)

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.07 (0.73–1.58)

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.06 (0.71–1.57)

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.07 (0.72–1.58)

  1. Values above are presented as adodds ratios and 95% confidence intervals computed from multiple logistic regression accounting for the sampling weights. Model 1 was adjusted for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education level, household income, marital status, residential area, occupation type), Model 2 was adjusted for variables included in Model 1 and health behavior (aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening exercise, alcohol consumption, total energy intake), and Model 3 was adjusted for family history of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease or stroke) in addition to the variables included in Model 1 and 2
  2. Acronyms: AHA American Heart Association, ACC American College of Cardiology, BMI Body Mass Index, WC Waist Circumference, HDL-C High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, ADA American Diabetes Association, WHO World Health Organization, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, FSG Fasting Serum Glucose
  3. aDefined as SBP ≥ 130 mmHg or DBP ≥ 80 mmHg or taking antihypertensive drugs according to the 2017 AHA/ACC high blood pressure guidelines
  4. bGeneral obesity defined as BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity defined as WC ≥ 90 cm for men and WC ≥ 85 cm for women
  5. cHyperlipidemia defined as total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL or taking cholesterol lowering drugs; hypertriglyceridemia defined as triglyceride ≥ 200 mg/dL or taking cholesterol lowering drugs: reduced HDL-C defined as HDL-C ≤ 40 mg/dL for men and HDL-C ≤ 50 mg/dL for women
  6. dDefined as FSG of 110–125 mg/dL according to the ADA and WHO
  7. *p < 0.05