From: Environmental and individual factors associated with gestational weight gain
Sociodemographic, obstetric and environmental factors | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insufficient weight gain n (%) | OR(CI95%) | p- value | Excessive weight gain n (%) | OR(CI95%) | p- value | |
Age (years) | 115 (22.73) | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.995 | 184 (36.36) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.278 |
Educational level | ||||||
Elementary School | 24 (22.86) | 1 | 40 (38.10) | 1 | ||
High school | 61 (22.10) | 0.98 (0.54–1.78) | 0.965 | 109 (39.49) | 1.14 (0.68 – 1.90) | 0.610 |
Higher education | 30 (24.00) | 0.79 (0.40 – 1.57) | 0.517 | 35 (28.00) | 0.65 (0.36 – 1.19) | 0.171 |
Ethnicity/Racea | ||||||
White | 34 (21.79) | 1 | 51 (32.69) | 1 | ||
Black | 11 (30.56) | 1.90(0.76 – 4.73) | 0.163 | 13 (36.11) | 1.41 (0.59 – 3.33) | 0.429 |
Brown | 66(21.71) | 1.06 (0.63 – 1.76) | 0.814 | 117(38.49) | 1.31(0.85 – 2.04) | 0.215 |
Yellow | 2(25.00) | 1.10 (0.18 – 7.46) | 0.872 | 3(37.50) | 1.59(0.31 – 8.13) | 0.575 |
Indigenous | 2(100) | - | - | - | ||
Civil status | ||||||
Stable union | 87 (22.48) | 1 | 134 (34.63) | 1 | ||
Without companion | 28 (23.53) | 1.35 (0.78 – 2.34) | 0.271 | 50 (42.02) | 1.33 (0.84 – 2.12) | 0.215 |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) | ||||||
Eutrophic | 69 (22.33) | 1 | 80 (25.89) | 1 | ||
Underweight | 9 (40.91) | 2.14 (0.83 – 5.48) | 0.113 | 3 (13.64) | 0.55 (0.14 – 2.14) | 0.392 |
Overweight | 21 (17.65) | 1.74 (0.92 – 3.28) | 0.087 | 70 (58.82) | 5.10 (3.08 – 8.44) | < 0.001 |
Obesity | 16 (28.57) | 4.13 (1.74 – 9.79) | 0.001 | 31 (55.36) | 6.65 (3.14 – 14.08) | < 0.001 |
Smoking in the first 5 months of pregnancy | ||||||
No | 108 (22.83) | 1 | 166 (35.10) | 1 | ||
Yes | 7 (21.21) | 1.58 (0.55 – 4.47) | 0.387 | 18 (54.55) | 2.29 (0.99 – 5.27) | 0.051 |
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||
No | 104 (23.27) | 1 | 158 (35.35) | 1 | ||
Yes | 11 (19.30) | 0.91 (0.42 – 1.96) | 0.817 | 25 (43.86) | 1.36 (0.73 – 2.52) | 0.318 |
Gestational diabetes | ||||||
No | 104 (22.03) | 1 | 171 (36.23) | 1 | ||
Yes | 11 (33.33) | 2.15 (0.88 – 5.25) | 0.091 | 12 (36.36) | 1.30 (0.55 – 3.06) | 0.539 |
Non gestational diabetes | ||||||
No | 44 (19.30) | 1 | 89 (39.04) | 1 | ||
Yes | 6 (75.00) | 13,16 (1.56 – 111.15) | 0.018 | 1 (12.50) | 1,25 (0.07 – 19.90) | 0.871 |
Parity | ||||||
Primiparous | 47 (23.50) | 1 | 72 (36.00) | 1 | ||
Multiparous | 49 (21.78) | 0.97 (0.58 – 1.60) | 0.912 | 90 (40.00) | 1.45 (0.96 – 2.21) | 0.076 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 115 (22.73) | 0.97 (0.85 -1.10) | 0.649 | 184 (36.36) | 0,97 (0.88 – 1.06) | 0.579 |
Number of PN consultations | ||||||
Greater than or equal to 6 | 95 (22.95) | 1 | 142 (34.30) | 1 | ||
Less than 6 | 8 (22.86) | 1.62 (0.60 – 4.35) | 0.333 | 18 (51.43) | 2.36 (1.04 – 5.34) | 0.039 |
Professional who attended most PN consultations | ||||||
Nurse | 15 (31.25) | 1 | 15 (31.25) | 1 | ||
Physician | 100 (21.83) | 0.62 (0.30 – 1.30) | 0.221 | 169 (36.90) | 1.14 (0.56 – 2.32) | 0.705 |
Place where most PN consultations were carried out | ||||||
Public | 63 (23.42) | 1 | 112 (41.64) | 1 | ||
Private | 48 (22.43) | 0.67 (0.41 – 1.08) | 0.104 | 65 (30.37) | 0.57 (0.37 – 0.86) | 0.007 |
Healthy food purchasing establishments | ||||||
1 tercile | 52 (24.19) | 1 | 74 (34.42) | 1 | ||
2 tercile | 27 (19.01) | 0.70 (0.40 – 1.25) | 0.238 | 54 (38.03) | 1.03 (0.64 – 1.65) | 0.900 |
3 tercile | 36 (24.16) | 1.06 (0.61 – 1.83) | 0.834 | 56 (37.58) | 1.08 (0.68 – 1.71) | 0.736 |
Unhealthy food purchasing establishments | ||||||
1 tercile | 41 (23.03) | 1 | 56 (31.46) | 1 | ||
2 tercile | 33 (20.63) | 1.01 (0.57 – 1.77) | 0.961 | 62 (38.75) | 1.30 (0.81 – 2.10) | 0.267 |
3 tercile | 41 (21.40) | 1.27 (0.72 – 2.23) | 0.393 | 66 (39.29) | 1.45 (0.91 – 2.30) | 0.109 |
Mixed establishments near the place of residence | ||||||
1 tercile | 42 (23.08) | 1 | 57 (31.32) | 1 | ||
2 tercile | 35 (21.47) | 1.05 (0.60 – 1.84) | 0.842 | 63 (38.65) | 1.34 (0.83 – 2.16) | 0.226 |
3 tercile | 38 (23.60) | 1.20 (0.68 – 2.13) | 0.514 | 64 (39.75) | 1.47 (0.92 – 2.34) | 0.103 |
Available places for physical activity | ||||||
1 tercile | 67 (23.51) | 1 | 95 (33.33) | 1 | ||
2 tercile | 21 (20.39) | 1.02 (0.54 – 1.93) | 0.935 | 46 (44.66) | 1.79 (1.07 – 2.97) | 0.024 |
3 tercile | 27 (22.88) | 1.02 (0.58 – 1.79) | 0.935 | 43 (36.44) | 1.10 (0.69 – 1.74) | 0.670 |
Average income per Buffer | ||||||
1 tercile | 31 (20.39) | 1 | 53 (34.87) | 1 | ||
2 tercile | 39 (22.67) | 1.35 (0.75 – 2.44) | 0.311 | 70 (40.70) | 1.45 (0.90 – 2.34) | 0.122 |
3 tercile | 45 (25.00) | 1.23 (0.68 – 2.20) | 0.485 | 61 (33.89) | 1.02 (0.65 – 1.61) | 0.911 |