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Table 2 Associations of smokeless tobacco use with number of cigarettes used per day

From: Association between smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking amount by age

Subgroups

PSM

Coefficient

P-value

95% Confidence Interval

(1) All subjects

0.044

0.229

(-0.028—0.115)

(2) Tried to quit smoking: yes

0.025

0.655

(-0.085—0.135)

(3) Tried to quit smoking: no

0.039

0.477

(-0.069 – 0.148)

(4) Age < 30

0.164

0.015

(0.032 – 0.230)

(5) Age 30–44

-0.044

0.441

(-0.156—0.068)

(6) Age 45-

0.027

0.733

(-0.129 – 0.184)

(2) & (4)

0.230

0.036

(0.015—0.444)

(2) & (5)

-0.073

0.344

(-0.225 – 0.079)

(2) & (6)

-0.094

0.335

(-0.285 – 0.097)

(3) & (4)

0.088

0.457

(-0.145 – 0.321)

(3) & (5)

-0.004

0.948

(-0.132 – 0.123)

(3) & (6)

0.160

0.121

(-0.042—0.362)

  1. PSM: results from propensity score matching with adjusting age, body mass index, ln (household income), sex, race, marital status, education level, job status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, tried to quit smoking, and year. Calculating propensity score and matching were conducted for each subgroup