Table 1 Characteristics of study participants by categories of levels of total physical activity
Sex-specific tertiles of total physical activity (METh/day) | Low | Medium | High | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 21.8–34.5 | > 34.5–45.8 | > 45.8–140.7 | |
Female | 22.0–31.7 | > 31.7–38.2 | > 38.2–128.9 | |
Overall population | ||||
Number of participants | 10,527 | 10,527 | 10,527 | |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.7 (16.0) | 48.9 (15.0) | 47.6 (16.2) | 0.00 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.8 (3.7) | 24.4 (3.4) | 24.2 (3.3) | 0.00 |
Normal, < 25 kg/m2 (%) | 57.5 | 62.4 | 65.4 | 0.00 |
Overweight, 25–29.9 kg/m2 (%) | 33.7 | 31.6 | 29.3 | |
Obese, ≥ 30 kg/m2 (%) | 8.8 | 6.0 | 5.4 | |
Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 85.7 (12.0) | 84.0 (11.6) | 82.8 (11.4) | 0.00 |
Normal < 94 cm | 75.4 | 80.1 | 82.5 | |
Central obesity, ≥ 94 cm—< 102 cm (%) | 15.3 | 13.1 | 12.0 | |
Severe central obesity, ≥ 102 cm (%) | 9.4 | 6.8 | 5.5 | |
Smoking (%) | 0.00 | |||
Never | 63.8 | 64.5 | 66.7 | |
Former | 27.7 | 27.8 | 25.4 | |
Current | 8.6 | 7.7 | 7.9 | |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 0.00 | |||
≤ 3 times/month | 47.1 | 45.6 | 46.3 | |
1–6 times/week | 50.7 | 52.7 | 52.0 | |
> 1 time/day | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.7 | |
Level of education, ≥ 13 years (%) | 31.7 | 34.6 | 25.3 | 0.00 |
Diabetes, yes (%) | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 0.38 |
Lipid disturbance, yes (%) | 2.8 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 0.00 |
Hypertension, yes (%) | 11.4 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 0.00 |
Daily aspirin use, yes (%) | 20.0 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 0.00 |
Leisure time physical activity, METh/day (%) | ||||
Low, ≤ 1.6 METh/day | 49.3 | 30.5 | 21.6 | 0.00 |
Medium, > 1,6–3.6 METh/day | 34.9 | 36.5 | 28.8 | |
High, > 3.6 METh/day | 15.8 | 33.1 | 49.6 | |
Sitting time, ≥ 6 h/day (%) | 41.3 | 47.0 | 17.3 | 0.00 |
Male | ||||
Number of participants | 3,575 | 3,575 | 3,575 | |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.9 (16.6) | 50.9 (16.2) | 48.9 (18.1) | 0.00 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.1 (3.3) | 24.9 (2.8) | 24.8 (2.9) | 0.00 |
Normal, < 25 kg/m2 (%) | 52.2 | 55.8 | 57.3 | |
Overweight, 25–29.9 kg/m2 (%) | 40.8 | 39.7 | 37.9 | |
Obese, ≥ 30 kg/m2 (%) | 7.1 | 4.5 | 4.7 | |
Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 94.0 (10.9) | 92.3 (10.1) | 91.4 (10.8) | 0.00 |
Normal < 94 cm | 48.6 | 56.6 | 58.6 | |
Central obesity, ≥ 94 cm—< 102 cm (%) | 30.4 | 28.1 | 27.6 | |
Severe central obesity, ≥ 102 cm (%) | 21.0 | 15.3 | 13.7 | |
Smoking (%) | 0.00 | |||
Never | 60.8 | 63.0 | 65.7 | |
Former | 31.2 | 30.7 | 28.0 | |
Current | 8.0 | 6.4 | 6.3 | |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 0.21 | |||
≤ 3 times/month | 29.5 | 31.0 | 30.9 | |
1–6 times/week | 66.7 | 65.5 | 66.2 | |
> 1 time/day | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.0 | |
Level of education, ≥ 13 years (%) | 33.5 | 30.4 | 14.5 | 0.00 |
Diabetes, yes (%) | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.71 |
Lipid disturbance, yes (%) | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.59 |
Hypertension, yes (%) | 10.6 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 0.10 |
Daily aspirin use, yes (%) | 16.3 | 15.3 | 14.4 | 0.09 |
Leisure time physical activity, METh/day (%) | ||||
Low, ≤ 1.6 METh/day | 49.3 | 27.7 | 25.3 | 0.00 |
Medium, > 1,6–3.6 METh/day | 35.6 | 35.9 | 28.2 | |
High, > 3.6 METh/day | 15.1 | 36.4 | 46.5 | |
Sitting time, ≥ 6 h/day (%) | 49.8 | 41.5 | 9.9 | 0.00 |
Female | ||||
Number of participants | 6,952 | 6,952 | 6,951 | |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.5 (15.7) | 47.9 (14.2) | 46.9 (15.1) | 0.00 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.7 (3.9) | 24.2 (3.6) | 23.9 (3.4) | 0.00 |
Normal, < 25 kg/m2 (%) | 60.3 | 65.8 | 69.5 | |
Overweight, 25–29.9 kg/m2 (%) | 30.0 | 27.4 | 24.8 | |
Obese, ≥ 30 kg/m2 (%) | 9.7 | 6.8 | 5.7 | |
Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 81.9 (10.5) | 80.3 (10.2) | 79.1 (9.6) | 0.00 |
Normal < 80 cm (%) | 43.9 | 51.4 | 56.7 | |
Central obesity, ≥ 80 cm – < 88 cm (%) | 30.3 | 29.0 | 26.4 | |
Severe central obesity, ≥ 88 cm (%) | 25.8 | 19.6 | 16.9 | |
Smoking (%) | 0.03 | |||
Never | 65.2 | 65.2 | 67.1 | |
Former | 25.9 | 26.4 | 24.1 | |
Current | 8.9 | 8.4 | 8.8 | |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 0.00 | |||
≤ 3 times/month | 56.2 | 53.1 | 54.2 | |
1–6 times/week | 42.4 | 46.0 | 44.8 | |
> 1 time/day | 1.5 | 0.92 | 1.0 | |
Level of education, ≥ 13 years (%) | 30.8 | 36.8 | 30.8 | 0.00 |
Diabetes, yes (%) | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.54 |
Lipid disturbance, yes (%) | 2.8 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 0.00 |
Hypertension, yes (%) | 11.9 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 0.00 |
Daily aspirin use, yes (%) | 21.9 | 20.1 | 18.4 | 0.00 |
Use of contraceptive pills, yes (%) | 65.1 | 71.0 | 68.6 | 0.00 |
Use of hormone replacement therapy, yes (%) | 29.8 | 25.5 | 22.9 | 0.00 |
Leisure time physical activity, METh/day (%) | 0.00 | |||
Low, ≤ 1.5 METh/day | 49.3 | 31.8 | 19.8 | |
Medium, > 1,5–3,1 METh/day | 34.5 | 36.7 | 29.1 | |
High > 3,1 METh/day | 16.2 | 31.5 | 51.1 | |
Sitting time, ≥ 6 h/day (%) | 37.0 | 49.8 | 21.2 | 0.00 |