From: Changes in work and health of Australians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal cohort study
Number of occasions (%) | Adjusted estimates for differences in health score [95% Confidence Interval] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Psychological distress (-β < 0: worse distress)a | Mental health (β < 0: poorer health) | Physical health (β < 0: poorer health) | ||
Model 1. Does being out of work early in the pandemic affect health 6 months later? | 6859 (100.0) | |||
No Work at baseline * baseline | 1154 (16.8) | -1.23** [-1.52, -0.93] | -2.33** [-3.01, -1.65] | 0.94** [0.44, 1.44] |
No Work at baseline * 1 month | 644 (9.4) | -0.39* [-0.74, -0.05] | -0.37 [-1.20, 0.45] | 0.14 [-0.48, 0.75] |
No Work at baseline * 3 months | 547 (8.0) | -0.33 [-0.73, 0.08] | -0.20 [-1.17, 0.77] | -0.31 [-1.02, 0.41] |
No Work at baseline * 6 months | 475 (6.9) | -0.22 [-0.73, 0.29] | -0.16 [-1.36, 1.05] | -1.29** [-2.17, -0.41] |
Working at baseline * baseline | 1449 (21.1) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) |
Working at baseline * 1 month | 1002 (14.6) | 0.48** [0.24, 0.71] | 1.56** [1.00, 2.12] | 0.04 [-0.37, 0.46] |
Working at baseline * 3 months | 836 (12.2) | 0.81** [0.54, 1.08] | 2.11** [1.47, 2.75] | -0.34 [-0.81, 0.13] |
Working at baseline * 6 months | 752 (11.0) | 1.16** [0.86, 1.45] | 2.72** [2.02, 3.42] | -0.50† [-1.01, 0.00] |
Model 2.1. Do health impacts differ for people not working? | 6859 (100.0) | |||
No work (N) | 2196 (32.0) | -1.13** [-1.35, -0.91] | -2.29** [-2.80, 1.78] | 0.32† [-0.06, 0.70] |
Work (W) | 4663 (68.0) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) |
Model 2.2. Do health impacts differ for people not working if they are employed? | 6859 (100.0) | |||
No work (N) * Unemployed | 1163 (17.0) | -1.65** [-1.94, -1.37] | -3.03** [-3.68, -2.38] | 0.08 [-0.41, 0.57] |
No work (N) * Employed | 1033 (15.1) | -0.70** [-0.96, -0.44] | -1.65** [-2.27, -1.04] | 0.52* [0.06, 0.98] |
Working (W) * Employed | 4463 (68.0) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) |
Model 3. What are the health impacts of changes in exposure to work? | 6588 (100.0) | |||
No work to No work (N * N) | 796 (12.1) | -1.19** [-1.55, -0.83] | -2.46** [-3.27, -1.64] | -0.30 [-0.91, 0.30] |
Working to No work (W * N) | 1346 (20.4) | -1.07** [-1.36, -0.78] | -2.23** [-2.88, -1.58] | 0.29 [-0.20, 0.77] |
No work to Working (N * W) | 509 (7.7) | 0.04 [-0.28, 0.36] | -0.03 [-0.79, 0.73] | -0.54† [-1.11, 0.02] |
Working to Working (W * W) | 3936 (59.8) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) |
Model 4. How does the longitudinal context of changes in work effect health? | 6529 (100) | |||
N * N * N | 307 (4.7) | -1.36** [-1.88, -0.84] | -2.56** [-3.74, -1.37] | -1.17** [-2.06, -0.28] |
W * N * N | 226 (3.5) | -0.89** [-1.30, -0.47] | -2.01** [-2.96, -1.07] | -0.65† [-1.36, 0.06] |
N * W * N | 53 (0.8) | -0.92*[-1.77, -0.07] | -1.77† [-3.81, 0.26] | -0.74 [-2.25, 0.77] |
W * W * N | 216 (3.3) | -0.98** [-1.29, -0.66] | -2.09** [-2.80, -1.39] | 0.01 [-0.52, 0.55] |
N * N * W | 486 (7.4) | 0.40 [-0.11, 0.91] | 0.66 [-0.52, 1.85] | -1.65** [-2.54, -0.75] |
W * N * W | 269 (4.1) | 0.03 [-0.41, 0.47] | -0.06 [-1.09, 0.96] | -0.74† [-1.51, 0.03] |
N * W * W | 1291 (19.8) | 0.32 [-0.15, 0.80] | 0.62 [-0.50, 1.73] | -1.39** [-2.22, -0.55] |
W * W * W | 3681 (56.4) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) | 0.00 (ref.) |