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Table 2 Adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios for covertly using reversible modern contraceptive methods, 2015–16

From: Covert use of reversible contraceptive methods and its association with husband’s egalitarian gender attitude in India

Sociodemographic characteristics

Odds Ratio

P-value

95%CI

Odds Ratio

P-value

95%CI

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Husband’s gender attitude

High egalitarian

Moderately egalitarian

1.84

0.00

1.6

2.13

1.54***

0.00

1.32

1.80

Low egalitarian

1.59

0.00

1.4

1.81

1.40***

0.00

1.21

1.60

Couple’s concordance regarding more children

No

Yes

    

0.89

0.11

0.76

1.00

Religion

Hindu

Muslim

    

1.01

0.89

1.06

1.41

Other

    

0.99

1.00

1.12

1.49

Caste

SC/ST

OBC

    

1.00

0.98

0.87

1.16

Other

    

0.78***

0.00

0.66

0.91

Place of residence

Urban

Rural

    

1.03

0.61

0.91

1.18

Women’s education

Non-literate

Primary

    

1.01

0.88

0.82

1.23

Secondary

    

0.89

0.24

0.75

1.07

Higher

    

0.68***

0.00

0.53

0.88

Age difference

Wife same age or older

Husband 1–3 years older

    

0.99

1.00

0.76

1.10

Husband 4–5 years older

    

1.03

0.77

0.8

1.30

Husband 6 + years older

    

0.97

0.82

0.76

1.21

Educational difference

No difference

Wife more educated

    

1.03

0.61

0.88

1.21

Husband more educated

    

0.92

0.21

0.79

1.05

Working status

No

Yes

    

1.11

1.44

0.92

1.16

Wealth index

Poor

Middle

    

0.95

0.60

0.81

1.12

Rich

    

0.78*

0.01

0.65

0.92

Living children

0

1

    

3.46***

0.00

2.76

3.96

2

    

3.57***

0.00

2.36

6.09

3 + 

    

4.00***

0.00

2.63

6.97

Region

North

Northeast

    

2.6***

0.00

2.18

3.13

East

    

3.24***

0.00

2.76

3.95

West

    

1.97***

0.00

1.57

2.47

South

    

2.48***

0.00

1.84

3.47

Central

    

0.93

0.39

0.78

1.13

Freedom to visit market place

No

Yes

    

1.07

0.48

0.89

1.29

Freedom to visit health facility

        

No

Yes

    

0.81*

0.02

0.67

0.97

Respondent has money to use alone

No

Yes

    

1.06

0.31

0.95

1.20

Constant

0.29

0.00

0.28

0.32

0.08

0.00

0.04

0.15

  1. *p < .05, *p < 0.01, ***p < .001, 95%CI – Confidence Interval at 95% level of significance