Table 1 Parents’ spanking beliefs and parents’ reports of whether their child was spanked by their sociodemographic characteristics
Parent-reported: Spanking is a normal part of parenting (n = 975) | Parent-reported: Some children need to be spanked so that they will learn a lesson (n = 962) | Parent-reported: Some children need to be hit so that they will learn a lesson (n = 977) | Parent-reported: Child ever spanked, age 10 or younger (n = 959) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disagree % (n) | Neither % (n) | Agree % (n) | Disagree % (n) | Neither % (n) | Agree % (n) | Disagree % (n) | Neither % (n) | Agree % (n) | No % (n) | Yes % (n) | ||||
Total Sample | 54.9 (535) | 26.7 (260) | 18.5 (180) | 58.1 (559) | 22.4 (215) | 19.5 (188) | 89.3 (872) | 7.3 (71) | 3.5 (34) | 60.4 (579) | 39.6 (380) | |||
Adolescent Sex | ||||||||||||||
Male | 47.1 (251) | 47.1 (122) | 53.9 (97) | 46.7 (260) | 45.3 (97) | 54.8 (103) | 48.2 (419) | 43.7 (31) | 67.7 (23) | 46.7 (270) | 50.5 (191) | |||
Female | 52.9 (282) | 52.9 (137) | 46.1 (83) | 53.3 (297) | 54.7 (117) | 45.2 (85) | 51.8 (450) | 56.3 (40) | 32.4 (11) | 53.3 (308) | 49.5 (187) | |||
Household Income | ||||||||||||||
$49,999 or less | 20.2 (103) | 22.5 (55) | 22.0 (38) | 20.0 (107) | 20.6 (41) | 23.5 (43) | 20.3 (168) | 21.7 (15) | 36.4 (12) | 20.1 (109) | 21.6 (80) | |||
$50,000 to $99,999 | 32.5 (166) | 37.7 (92) | 46.8 (81) | 32.1 (172) | 39.7 (79) | 45.4 (83) | 35.6 (295) | 42.0 (29) | 45.5 (15) | 34.1 (185) | 40.4 (150) | |||
$100,000 to $149,999 | 24.5 (125) | 23.4 (57) | 20.8 (36) | 25.2 (135) | 22.6 (45) | 20.2 (37) | 24.4 (202) | 18.8 (13) | xxx | 24.1 (131) | 22.9 (85) | |||
$150,000 or more | 22.9 (117) | 16.4 (40) | 10.4 (18) | 22.8 (122) | 17.1 (34) | 10.9 (20) | 19.8 (164) | 17.4 (12) | xxx | 21.7 (118) | 15.1 (56) | |||
Parent Education | ||||||||||||||
High school completion or less | 10.3 (55) | 20.4 (53) | 16.1 (29) | 12.0 (67) | 19.5 (42) | 14.9 (28) | 14.1 (123) | 12.7 (9) | 14.7 (5) | 14.0 (81) | 14.0 (53) | |||
Some post-secondary | 10.3 (55) | 15.4 (40) | 11.1 (20) | 11.1 (62) | 13.0 (28) | 10.1 (19) | 11.5 (100) | 12.7 (9) | xxx | 10.2 (59) | 14.0 (53) | |||
Completed trade school or community college | 21.9 (117) | 28.1 (73) | 25.0 (45) | 22.0 (123) | 28.4 (61) | 27.1 (51) | 24.7 (215) | 21.1 (15) | 29.4 (10) | 23.0 (133) | 26.3 (100) | |||
Completed a university undergraduate degree | 28.8 (154) | 21.2 (55) | 19.4 (35) | 28.3 (158) | 20.9 (45) | 19.7 (37) | 25.3 (221) | 26.8 (19) | xxx | 25.2 (146) | 25.0 (95) | |||
Completed a university graduate degree | 28.8 (154) | 15.0 (39) | 28.3 (51) | 26.7 (149) | 18.1 (39) | 28.2 (53) | 24.4 (213) | 26.8 (19) | 38.2 (13) | 27.6 (160) | 20.8 (79) | |||