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Table 3 Barriers and facilitators for passing on details of close contacts to Test and Trace

From: Adherence to behaviours associated with the test, trace, and isolate system: an analysis using the theoretical domains framework

TDF domain

Theme

Exemplar quotes

Knowledge

Having knowledge about the need to pass on details of close contacts (F)

“If I were to test positive now I could say I went out and met my friend for a walk last week and I’d have to notify them” P28, FG6

Skills

Not having the ability to identify close contacts (B)

“…It’d be quite difficult to list who I’ve been in contact with…when I’m in [work] there’s like forty, fifty people” P8, FG2

Beliefs about consequences

Belief that passing on details of close contacts is important to protect others (F)

“I think if you know you’ve been in contact with somebody it’s only right to let, you know, let someone know that you’ve been in contact with that person. We don’t know to what lengths Covid can have impacts on [us do we]…” P2, FG1

Having concerns about data privacy (B)

“I wouldn’t give anyone’s information to anybody, not without their consent first anyway because it’s what they call it, the privacy and stuff like that.“ P18, FG4

Perceiving negative consequences of passing on details of close contacts (B)

“Most of the people that I know are self-employed and the businesses are struggling anyway since we’ve been allowed to reopen and if they have to stop working again and still pay staff wages instead of their own hours, I don’t think their businesses would survive, so I would feel really bad about giving their details over.“ P7, FG2

“I’d always ask just to make sure, if they wanted me to then I would but then if not, then I’m not going to because then they’re off work and there’s no income and I’d feel awful because they’re not earning what they should earn.“ P5, FG2

Concerns about the efficiency of Test and Trace contacting people (B)

“So it’s not that I wouldn’t necessarily engage with track and trace but I don’t actually think that they end up getting, passing that information on in like a timely manner anyway, so I think I’d probably just give the people I know I’d been in contact with a call so they could, could isolate.” P16, FG4

Social role and identify

Feeling a moral duty to pass on details of close contacts (F)

“It’s almost like a duty of care isn’t it?” P2, FG1

Emotion

Feelings of anticipated regret about the perceived negative consequences of passing on details of close contacts (B)

“I’d feel awful because they’re not earning what they should earn. I just feel like it’s not fair to them people that have been in contact for like, two minutes, like, you’ve just walked past them or you’ve been with them a couple of hours…” P5, FG2

  1. B barrier, F facilitator