Socio-demographic characteristics associated with the dietary diversity of Thai community-dwelling older people: results from the national health examination survey

Table 3 Association between the socio-demographic characteristics and DDS of older participants in the NHES-V, Thailand

Characteristics	Unadjusted		Adjusted^a
	β (95%CI)	P -value**	β (95%CI)	P -value**
Sex
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	-0.19 (-0.32, -0.06)	0.007	0.03 (-0.11, 0.17)	0.671
Age (year)
60 - 74	Reference		Reference
75- 84	-0.43 (-0.63, -0.22)	<0.001	-0.14 (-0.36, 0.07)	0.177
≥ 85	-0.61 (-0.96, -0.26)	0.002	-0.30 (-0.69, 0.09)	0.119
Highest educational level
No formal education	Reference		Reference
Primary education	1.00 (0.77, 1.23)	<0.001	0.76 (0.52, 1.03)	<0.001
Secondary education or higher	1.97 (1.70, 2.23)	<0.001	1.37 (1.04, 1.70)	<0.001
Wealth index
Poorest	Reference		Reference
Poor	1.05 (0.79, 1.32)	<0.001	0.97 (0.70, 1.24)	<0.001
Average	0.47 (0.25, 0.70)	<0.001	0.30 (0.06, 0.54)	0.016
Rich	0.78 (0.56, 1.01)	<0.001	0.56 (0.32, 0.80)	<0.001
Richest	1.29 (1.05, 1.53)	<0.001	0.81 (0.55, 1.06)	<0.001
Living condition
Living with others	Reference		Reference
Living alone	- 0.51 (- 0.75, - 0.27)	<0.001	- 0.27 (- 0.53, - 0.00)	0.049
Residential area
Rural	Reference		Reference
Urban	0.54 (0.39, 0.69)	<0.001	0.27 (0.10, 0.44)	0.004

DDS dietary diversity score, NHES-V the fifth Thai National Health Examination Survey, β beta coefficient, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
^aModels included age, sex, highest educational level, wealth index, living alone, and residential area
**P-values obtained from linear regression and adjusted for complex survey design by Svy command

ISSN: 1471-2458