Table 1 Questions, response alternatives, and variable definitions

During the past week, to what degree have you been bothered with nervousness or inner concern?

Not bothered (1), a little bothered (2), somewhat bothered (3), extremely bothered (4)

No mental distress (reference)

Mental distress (> 2.0)

During the past week, to what degree have you been bothered with fear or anxiousness?

During the past week, to what degree have you been bothered with hopelessness about the future?

During the past week, to what degree have you been bothered with unhappiness or sadness?

During the past week, to what degree have you been bothered with concern or restlessness?

How often do you usually exercise? (average)

Never (0), <once a week (0.5), once a week (1), 2–3 times/week (2, 5), 4–5 times/week (4.5), approximately every day (6.5)

Adherence to physical activity recommendations (75 min/week or more with high intensity or 150 min/week or more with moderate intensity)

(reference)

Not adhering to physical activity recommendations

For how long do you usually exercise each time? (average)

< 15 min (8), 15–29 min (22), 30–60 min (45), > 60 min (75)

How hard do you usually exercise? (average)

Easy without being short of breath or sweaty (low intensity), being short of breath and sweaty (moderate intensity), almost completely exhausted (high intensity)

On a regular day, how many hours of sedentary time do you have (included work, school, and spare time)?

Reported in total hours/day (0–24)

Low sedentary time (reference)

High sedentary time (≥8 h/day)

How often do you participate in organized activity/volunteer work such as sports or political teams, religious communities, choirs, or others?

Never (0), rarely (0), 1–3 times/month (1), daily (2)

High participation in organized activities (reference)

Low participation in organized activities (< 2 times/month)

How often do you participate in other activities such as clubs, meetings, meeting friends, exercise with friends/colleagues or others?

How many people are so close to you that you can count on them if you have serious personal problems?

None (1), 1–2 (2), 3–5 (3), ≥6 (4)

Strong social support (reference)

Low of social support (< 12)

How much concern do people show in what you are doing?

No interest (1), little interest (2), neither great nor little interest (3), some interest (4), great interest (5)

How easy is it to get practical help from neighbors if you should need it?

Very difficult (1), neither easy nor difficult (2), difficult (3), easy (4), very easy (5)

To what degree have you experienced sleep problems this past week?

Not bothered (1), a little bothered (2), pretty much bothered (3), very much bothered (4)

No sleep problems (reference)

Sleep problems (≥3)

Perceived financial situation

If single-person household: Think about your total income. If you live together with others, think of the total income of everyone in the household. How easy or difficult is it for you to make ends meet daily with this income?

Very difficult (1), difficult (2), relatively difficult (3), relatively easy (4), easy (5), very easy (6), I don’t know (7)

Easy financial situation, ≤relatively easy and don’t know (reference)

Difficult financial situation, (> 3)

Retrieved from the Central Population Register

≥18 years old

Continuous variable (low, reference)