Table 1 Baseline Characteristic of Included Participants by BMI and WC
Male | Overall | Normal weight or underweight/ Normal WC | Overweight/ Normal WC | Normal weight or underweight/ Abdominal obesity | Overweight/ Abdominal obesity | Obesity/ Abdominal obesity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
  Number | 12 259 (100.0) | 5 984 (48.8) | 1 291 (10.5) | 830 (6.8) | 2 713 (22.1) | 1 441 (11.8) | |
  Age, M (P25, P75), y | 47 (38, 58) | 48 (37, 59) | 47 (38, 57) | 50 (40, 60) | 48 (40, 58) | 46 (38, 56)* | |
  Urban residence, n (%) | 4 581 (37.4) | 1 899 (31.7) | 462 (35.8) | 310 (37.3) | 1 259 (46.4) | 651 (45.2)* | |
  High school and above, n (%) | 2 910 (23.7) | 1 138 (19.0) | 315 (24.4) | 192 (23.1) | 810 (29.9) | 455 (31.6)* | |
  Current smoker, n (%) | 7 015 (57.2) | 3 678 (61.5) | 696 (53.9) | 467 (56.3) | 1 471 (54.2) | 703 (48.8)* | |
  Current drinking, n (%) | 7 445 (60.7) | 3 543 (59.2) | 768 (59.5) | 507 (61.1) | 1 739 (64.1) | 888 (61.6)* | |
  Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1 308 (10.7) | 408 (6.8) | 132 (10.2) | 113 (13.6) | 404 (14.9) | 251 (17.4)* | |
  Hypertension, n (%) | 4 936 (40.3) | 1 761 (29.4) | 545 (42.2) | 337 (40.6) | 1 386 (51.1) | 907 (62.9)* | |
  Low blood HDL-C, n (%) | 5 676 (46.3) | 2 179 (36.4) | 601 (46.6) | 371 (44.7) | 1 559 (57.5) | 966 (67.0)* | |
  BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 23.9 ± 3.4 | 21.1 ± 1.7 | 25.2 ± 1.0 | 22.6 ± 1.2 | 26.0 ± 1.1 | 30.2 ± 2.2* | |
  WC, mean±SD, cm | 82.6 ± 10.2 | 74.8 ± 5.6 | 80.2 ± 4.3 | 88.8 ± 4.1 | 91.0 ± 4.4 | 97.5 ± 7.9* | |
  Married/cohabiting, n (%) | 10 225 (83.4) | 4 783 (79.9) | 1 079 (83.6) | 714 (86.0) | 2 386 (87.9) | 1 263 (87.6)* | |
  Retired personnel, n (%) | 628 (5.1) | 181 (3.0) | 64 (5.0) | 63 (7.6) | 224 (8.3) | 96 (6.7)* | |
  PA, M (P25, P75), MET-h/d | 16.5 (9.4-33.2) | 19.2 (10.1-37.9) | 18.3 (10.1-35.6) | 14.4 (8.7-27.2) | 14.2 (9.0-27.2) | 14.3 (9.0-27.2)* | |
  Consuming vegetables daily, n (%) | 11 552 (94.2) | 5 647 (94.4) | 1 213 (94.0) | 786 (94.7) | 2 559 (94.3) | 1 347 (93.5) | |
  Consuming fruit daily, n (%) | 3 138 (25.6) | 1 336 (22.8) | 315 (24.4) | 247 (29.8) | 768 (28.3) | 442 (30.7)* | |
Female | |||||||
  Number | 14 853 (100.0) | 6 325 (42.6) | 1 312 (8.8) | 1 419 (9.6) | 3 633 (24.5) | 2 164 (14.6) | |
  Age, M (P25, P75), y | 47 (38, 57) | 44 (34, 55) | 44 (38, 53) | 53 (41, 61) | 51 (42, 59) | 50 (42, 59)* | |
  Urban residence, n (%) | 5 982 (40.3) | 2 496 (39.5) | 521 (39.7) | 544 (38.3) | 1 540 (42.4) | 881 (40.7)* | |
  High school and above, n (%) | 2 730 (18.4) | 1 397 (22.1) | 260 (19.8) | 219 (15.4) | 549 (15.1) | 305 (14.1)* | |
  Current smoker, n (%) | 512 (3.4) | 209 (3.3) | 36 (2.7) | 64 (4.5) | 128 (3.5) | 75 (3.5)* | |
  Current drinking, n (%) | 2 429 (16.4) | 1 115 (17.6) | 212 (16.2) | 258 (18.2) | 572 (15.7) | 272 (12.6)* | |
  Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1 460 (9.8) | 321 (5.1) | 87 (6.6) | 177 (12.5) | 496 (13.7) | 379 (17.5)* | |
  Hypertension, n (%) | 5 714 (38.5) | 1 520 (24.0) | 489 (37.3) | 563 (39.7) | 1 786 (49.2) | 1 356 (62.7)* | |
  Low blood HDL-C, n (%) | 5 735 (38.6) | 1 977 (31.3) | 564 (43.0) | 524 (36.9) | 1 610 (44.3) | 1 060 (49.0)* | |
  BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 24.2 ± 3.6 | 21.2 ± 1.7 | 25.2 ± 1.0 | 22.6 ± 1.3 | 26.0 ± 1.1 | 30.4 ± 2.3* | |
  WC, mean±SD, cm | 79.8 ± 9.9 | 71.5 ± 5.0 | 75.7 ± 3.6 | 83.8 ± 3.9 | 86.4 ± 5.0 | 92.9 ± 8.4* | |
  Married/cohabiting, n (%) | 12 480 (84.0) | 5 157 (81.5) | 1 155 (88.0) | 1 179 (83.1) | 3 123 (86.0) | 1 866 (86.2)* | |
  Retired personnel, n (%) | 897 (6.0) | 252 (4.0) | 60 (4.6) | 111 (7.8) | 311 (8.6) | 163 (7.5)* | |
  PA, M (P25, P75), MET-h/d | 15.1 (10.1-23.3) | 15.2 (10.2-23.8) | 15.2 (10.3-24.1) | 13.8 (9.4-21.3) | 15.0 (10.2-24.1) | 14.5 (9.9-22.5)* | |
  Consuming vegetables daily, n (%) | 14 089 (94.9) | 6 012 (95.1) | 1 245 (94.9) | 1 334 (94.0) | 3 446 (94.9) | 2 052 (94.8) | |
  Consuming fruit daily, n (%) | 5 454 (36.7) | 2 314 (36.6) | 504 (38.4) | 491 (34.6) | 1 329 (36.6) | 816 (37.7) | |