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Table 2 Show that the perinatal mortality among pregnancy by reproductive health characteristics of study participants in high mortality regions, Ethiopia, 2016

From: Individual and community-level factors of perinatal mortality in the high mortality regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed-effect analysis

Variable

Categories

Frequency (%)

weighted Frequency (%)

unweighted Number of perinatal deaths (PMR [per 1,000])

weighted number of perinatal deaths (PMR [per 1,000])

Age at first birth

 < 18 years

2002(48.6)

1604(48.3)

95(50.29)

76(46.62)

 ≥ 18 years

2118(51.4)

1718(51.7)

87(43.41)

54(35.32)

Place of delivery

Health institution

1853(45.0)

1453(43.7)

53(29.79)

38(27.35)

Home

2267(55.0)

1869(56.3)

129(61.02)

92(52.00)

Preceding birth interval (N:2684)

 ≥ 2 years

2404(72.1)

2183(81.3)

68(29.42)

65(30.98)

 < 2 years

929(27.9)

501(18.7)

75(88.86)

45(99.12)

Women participating in making health care decisions

Yes

3146(76.4)

2881(86.7)

101(33.73)

100(40.00)

No

974(23.6)

441(13.3)

81(91.11)

30(45.38)

Parity

1–3

1778(43.2)

1533(46.1)

70(41.20)

42(28.59)

4–6

1435(34.8)

1076(32.4)

59(43.51)

31(30.03)

 ≥ 6

907(22.0)

713(21.5)

53(63.25)

57(86.62)

Time to breastfeeding Initiations

Within1hour

1933(46.9)

1637(49.3)

43(22.76)

29(18.57)

 > 1 h

2187(53.1)

1685(50.7)

139(69.36)

101(65.04)

Postnatal care with 2 days

Yes

2618(63.5)

1957(58.9)

107(43.39)

68(36.67)

No

1502(36.5)

1365(41.1)

75(52.56)

62(47.54)

Ever had a terminated pregnancy

No

3660(88.8)

2949(88.8)

129(37.34)

85(30.32)

Yes

460(11.2)

373(11.2)

53(120.72)

45(126.40)

Antenatal care visits (N:2456)

 ≥ 4 visits

952(34.6)

892(36.3)

23(24.46)

25(28.67)

1–3 visits

934(33.9)

850(34.6)

22(24.10)

20(24.09)

No at all

868(31.5)

714(29.1)

64(79.11)

39(57.78)

Tetanus toxoid vaccination

Not all

1241 (45.1)

1107(45.1)

64(54.10)

43(40.49)

One times

371 (13.5)

386(15.7)

7(19.61)

14(37.83)

 ≥ 2 + 

1141( 41.4)

962(39.2)

37(33.21)

26(27.51)

Distance from Health facilities

Not big problem

2819(68.4)

2315(69.7)

79(29.32)

59(26.55)

Big problem

1301(31.6)

1007(30.3)

103(85.90)

71(75.770

Health insurance

Yes

3884(94.3)

3018(90.8)

8(34.33)

12(40.00))

No

236(5.7)

304(9.2)

174(47.54)

118(41.22)

  1. Variables measured at the time of birth: age at first birth, place of delivery, birth interval, parity, time to breastfeeding initiations, postnatal care, antenatal care visits, tetanus toxoid vaccination, and history of terminated pregnancy
  2. Variables measured at the time of the survey: distance from health facilities, health insurance, and women participation in making health care decisions
  3. PMR perinatal mortality rate