Table 2 Characteristics of the studied children and prevalence of under-five-deaths in LMIC by sex, 2010–2018
Characteristics | n | % | Male % | Under-5 death per 1000 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Male | Female | ||||
Maternal current age (years) | ||||||
 15-24 | 254,644 | 29.7 | 51.5 | 53 | 58 | 48 |
 25-34 | 442,799 | 51.7 | 51.5 | 47 | 50 | 44 |
 35-49 | 159,544 | 18.6 | 50.9 | 61 | 64 | 57 |
Maternal highest educational | ||||||
 No education | 292,866 | 34.2 | 51.1 | 69 | 74 | 64 |
 Primary | 218,432 | 25.5 | 51 | 54 | 58 | 50 |
 Secondary+ | 345,689 | 40.3 | 51.9 | 35 | 38 | 32 |
Media access | ||||||
 No | 340,783 | 40.5 | 50.9 | 66 | 70 | 61 |
 Yes | 500,111 | 59.5 | 51.7 | 43 | 47 | 40 |
Maternal employment | ||||||
 Employed | 324,757 | 53.3 | 50.8 | 61 | 65 | 57 |
 Unemployed | 284,531 | 46.7 | 51.3 | 45 | 49 | 40 |
Paternal employment | ||||||
 Employed | 541,347 | 95.8 | 51.1 | 55 | 60 | 51 |
 Unemployed | 23,796 | 4.2 | 51.5 | 48 | 53 | 44 |
Marital status | ||||||
 Never married | 27,341 | 3.2 | 50.6 | 52 | 57 | 48 |
 Living With Sexual Partner | 791,531 | 92.4 | 51.4 | 51 | 54 | 47 |
 Formerly | 38,110 | 4.4 | 50.9 | 63 | 67 | 59 |
Sex of household head | ||||||
 Male | 718,578 | 83.8 | 51.4 | 52 | 55 | 48 |
 Female | 138,409 | 16.2 | 51.3 | 51 | 54 | 47 |
Wealth index combined | ||||||
 Poorest | 221,239 | 25.8 | 50.8 | 62 | 67 | 57 |
 Poorer | 193,674 | 22.6 | 51.2 | 58 | 61 | 54 |
 Middle | 169,849 | 19.8 | 51.6 | 50 | 54 | 47 |
 Richer | 148,944 | 17.4 | 51.4 | 45 | 48 | 42 |
 Richest | 123,281 | 14.4 | 52.1 | 35 | 38 | 32 |
Covered by health insurance | ||||||
 No | 671,764 | 87.4 | 51.3 | 55 | 59 | 51 |
 Yes | 96,784 | 12.6 | 51.6 | 33 | 36 | 30 |
Child is twin | ||||||
 Single birth | 834,700 | 97.4 | 51.4 | 47 | 51 | 44 |
 Multiple | 22,287 | 2.6 | 50.5 | 198 | 216 | 18 |
Weight at birth | ||||||
 Average+ | 686908 | 84.1 | 52.2 | 45 | 46 | 41 |
 Small | 94173 | 11.5 | 47.1 | 67 | 74 | 58 |
 Very small | 35624 | 4.4 | 46.3 | 116 | 132 | 101 |
Birth order | ||||||
 1 | 243,300 | 28.4 | 51.8 | 48 | 53 | 43 |
 2 | 205,906 | 24.0 | 51.5 | 41 | 44 | 37 |
 3 | 138,761 | 16.2 | 51.7 | 46 | 48 | 45 |
 4+ | 269,020 | 31.4 | 51.7 | 66 | 69 | 62 |
Birth interval | ||||||
 1st Birth | 243,305 | 28.5 | 51.8 | 48 | 53 | 43 |
 <36 months | 333,066 | 39.0 | 51.2 | 64 | 67 | 61 |
 36+ months | 278,326 | 32.6 | 51.2 | 38 | 41 | 35 |
Drinking water | ||||||
 Unimproved sources | 188,610 | 22.7 | 50.8 | 67 | 71 | 62 |
 Improved source | 641,485 | 77.3 | 51.5 | 47 | 51 | 44 |
Toilet type | ||||||
 Unimproved sources | 416,964 | 50.3 | 51.1 | 63 | 67 | 58 |
 Improved source | 412,803 | 49.7 | 51.6 | 40 | 43 | 37 |
Cooking fuel | ||||||
 Unclean/biomass | 620,900 | 76.6 | 51.0 | 60 | 64 | 56 |
 Clean fuel | 189,870 | 23.4 | 52.1 | 30 | 32 | 27 |
Housing material | ||||||
 Unimproved material | 500,644 | 62.7 | 51.0 | 61 | 65 | 56 |
 Improved material | 298,152 | 37.3 | 51.8 | 41 | 44 | 38 |
Place of residence | ||||||
 Urban | 235,866 | 29.5 | 51.5 | 42 | 44 | 39 |
 Rural | 562,930 | 70.5 | 51.2 | 58 | 59 | 51 |
Community SES Disadvantage | ||||||
 Least disadvantaged | 171,506 | 20.0 | 52.3 | 33 | 35 | 30 |
 2 | 171,291 | 20.0 | 51.2 | 46 | 49 | 42 |
 3 | 171,783 | 20.0 | 51.2 | 56 | 60 | 52 |
 4 | 171,392 | 20.0 | 51.0 | 62 | 67 | 57 |
 Most disadvantaged | 171,015 | 20.0 | 51.2 | 62 | 66 | 58 |
Total | 856,987 | 100.0 | 51.4 | 51 | 55 | 48 |