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Table 4 Proportions and 95% confidence intervals of all unintentional poisoning death involving more than one substance by substance category and sex, 2014-2017

From: Polysubstance use poisoning deaths in Canada: an analysis of trends from 2014 to 2017 using mortality data

 

2014

2015

2016

2017

Trend (p)a

Both sexes

 All substances

0.39 (0.37, 0.41)

0.44 (0.42, 0.47)

0.50 (0.48, 0.52)

0.57 (0.56, 0.59)

< 0.0001

 Alcohol

0.49 (0.45, 0.52)

0.55 (0.51, 0.58)

0.66 (0.62, 0.69)

0.74 (0.71, 0.76)

< 0.0001

 Opioids

0.51 (0.48, 0.54)

0.58 (0.55, 0.60)

0.61 (0.59, 0.63)

0.66 (0.64, 0.68)

< 0.0001

 Other CNS Depressants

0.89 (0.85, 0.93)

0.93 (0.91, 0.96)

0.94 (0.92, 0.97)

0.95 (0.93, 0.97)

< 0.01

 Cocaine

0.77 (0.73, 0.81)

0.77 (0.74, 0.80)

0.78 (0.76, 0.81)

0.85 (0.83, 0.86)

< 0.0001

 Other CNS Stimulants*

0.71 (0.64, 0.77)

0.71 (0.65, 0.76)

0.79 (0.75, 0.82)

0.88 (0.86, 0.90)

< 0.0001

Males

 All substances

0.38 (0.36, 0.41)

0.45 (0.43, 0.48)

0.50 (0.48, 0.52)

0.58 (0.56, 0.60)

< 0.0001

 Alcohol

0.50 (0.46, 0.54)

0.57 (0.53, 0.61)

0.68 (0.64, 0.73)

0.76 (0.73, 0.80)

< 0.0001

 Opioids

0.51 (0.47, 0.54)

0.59 (0.56, 0.62)

0.62 (0.59, 0.64)

0.66 (0.64, 0.68)

< 0.0001

 Other CNS Depressants

0.90 (0.85, 0.95)

0.96 (0.93, 0.99)

0.94 (0.91, 0.98)

0.97 (0.95, 0.99)

< 0.05

 Cocaine

0.76 (0.71, 0.80)

0.77 (0.73, 0.81)

0.77 (0.74, 0.80)

0.85 (0.83, 0.87)

< 0.0001

 Other CNS Stimulants*

0.70 (0.61, 0.78)

0.71 (0.65, 0.77)

0.78 (0.74, 0.82)

0.89 (0.87, 0.92)

< 0.0001

Females

 All substances

0.40 (0.40, 0.40)

0.42 (0.42, 0.42)

0.50 (0.49, 0.50)

0.55 (0.55, 0.55)

< 0.0001

 Alcohol

0.45 (0.45, 0.46)

0.46 (0.45, 0.47)

0.57 (0.57, 0.58)

0.66 (0.65, 0.66)

< 0.0001

 Opioids

0.52 (0.52, 0.53)

0.54 (0.54, 0.54)

0.60 (0.59, 0.60)

0.65 (0.65, 0.65)

< 0.0001

 Other CNS Depressants

0.87 (0.86, 0.87)

0.90 (0.90, 0.91)

0.94 (0.93, 0.94)

0.91 (0.91, 0.92)

n.s.

 Cocaine

0.80 (0.80, 0.81)

0.76 (0.76, 0.77)

0.84 (0.84, 0.85)

0.84 (0.83, 0.84)

n.s.

 Other CNS Stimulants*

0.73 (0.71, 0.75)

0.68 (0.67, 0.70)

0.79 (0.79, 0.80)

0.85 (0.84, 0.85)

< 0.01

  1. * Stimulants excluding cocaine e.g., methamphetamine
  2. a Cochran-Armitage trend test (Monte Carlo method - Number of simulations = 5000) / Two-tailed test. Significant increasing trends from 2014 to 2017 at the p<0.0001 level (****), p<0.01 level (**), and p<0.05 level (*)
  3. n.s. indicates no significant trends from 2014 to 2017