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Table 2 Internalizing symptoms and digital activities by gender, independent t-test and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) (N = 3957)

From: Does gender matter? The association between different digital media activities and adolescent well-being

 

Girls

Boys

   

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

t-test

p-value

d

Internalizing symptoms

11.83

4.58

9.20

3.63

19.99

<.001

.64

Social media use

10.70

2.90

9.60

3.13

11.47

<.001

.36

 Chatting

3.90

1.35

3.67

1.43

5.14

<.001

.16

 Online sociability

4.03

1.28

3.63

1.39

9.49

<.001

.30

 Self-presentation

2.77

1.37

2.30

1.32

11.01

<.001

.35

Playing games

3.03

1.29

4.11

1.07

−28.81

<.001

−.92