Table 2 Maternal and neonatal characteristics of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal singleton pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes, 1998–2015
Characteristic | Aboriginal Mothers | Non-Aboriginal mothers | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1998 to 2003 (n = 404) | 2004 to 2009 (n = 539) | 2010 to 2015 (n = 917) | P trend | 1998 to 2003 (n = 5088) | 2004 to 2009 (n = 7362) | 2010 to 2015 (n = 15,447) | P trend | |
Maternal Characteristics | ||||||||
Maternal age (years) | ||||||||
25 or below | 140 (34.7) | 192 (35.6) | 356 (38.8) | 0.114 | 590 (11.6) | 855 (11.6) | 1657 (10.7) | 0.037 |
> 25 to 35 | 210 (52.0) | 274 (50.8) | 425 (46.3) | 0.038 | 3249 (63.9) | 4484 (60.9) | 9896 (64.1) | 0.106 |
above 35 | 54 (13.4) | 73 (13.5) | 136 (14.8) | 0.429 | 1249 (24.5) | 2023 (27.5) | 3894 (25.2) | 0.777 |
Mean (SD)a | 28.2 (6.2) | 28.1 (6.2) | 28.1 (6.3) | 0.609 | 31.7 (5.3) | 32.1 (5.3) | 31.9 (5.2) | 0.145 |
Parity group | ||||||||
0 | 70 (17.3) | 98 (18.2) | 238 (26.0) | < 0.001 | 1938 (38.1) | 3098 (42.1) | 6814 (44.3) | < 0.001 |
1 | 81 (20.0) | 108 (20.0) | 208 (22.7) | 0.210 | 1731 (34.0) | 2374 (32.2) | 5056 (32.9) | 0.314 |
2 | 76 (18.8) | 96 (17.8) | 163 (17.8) | 0.690 | 856 (16.8) | 1099 (14.9) | 2179 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
3 plus | 177 (43.8) | 237 (44.0) | 307 (33.5) | < 0.001 | 563 (11.1) | 791 (10.7) | 1322 (8.6) | < 0.001 |
Caesarean delivery | 141 (34.9) | 188 (34.9) | 356 (38.9) | 0.108 | 1882 (37.0) | 3161 (42.9) | 6545 (42.7) | < 0.001 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 166 (41.1) | 208 (38.6) | 373 (40.8) | 0.926 | 814 (16.0) | 818 (11.1) | 1084 (7.1) | < 0.001 |
SES tertiles | ||||||||
1st (most disadvantaged) | 259 (73.0) | 368 (75.4) | 627 (72.0) | 0.512 | 1709 (35.1) | 2498 (35.0) | 5357 (35.6) | 0.385 |
2nd | 77 (21.7) | 95 (19.5) | 188 (21.6) | 0.844 | 1692 (34.8) | 2383 (33.4) | 5173 (34.4) | 0.941 |
3rd (least disadvantaged) | 19 (5.4) | 25 (5.1) | 56 (6.4) | 0.369 | 1465 (30.1) | 2257 (31.6) | 4498 (29.9) | 0.328 |
Remote or very remote residence | 204 (54.3) | 249 (47.8) | 360 (39.4) | < 0.001 | 428 (8.6) | 601 (8.3) | 557 (3.6) | < 0.001 |
Preterm birth | 51 (12.6) | 69 (12.8) | 133 (14.5) | 0.292 | 464 (9.1) | 727 (9.9) | 1454 (9.5) | 0.687 |
Preeclampsia | 42 (10.4) | 37 (6.9) | 35 (3.8) | < 0.001 | 433 (8.5) | 317 (4.3) | 384 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
Neonatal Characteristics | ||||||||
Perinatal death | < 10 (< 2.5)b | < 10 (< 1.9)b | 11 (1.2) | 0.432 | 27 (0.5) | 33 (0.4) | 40 (0.3) | 0.002 |
Female sex | 204 (50.5) | 251 (46.6) | 418 (45.6) | 0.118 | 2418 (47.5) | 3468 (47.1) | 7463 (48.3) | 0.172 |
LGA | 120 (29.7) | 118 (21.9) | 193 (21.1) | 0.002 | 978 (19.2) | 1259 (17.1) | 2029 (13.3) | < 0.001 |
SGA | 32 (7.9) | 42 (7.8) | 65 (7.1) | 0.563 | 310 (6.1) | 507 (6.9) | 1277 (8.3) | < 0.001 |