Table 1 Maternal and neonatal characteristics of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal singleton pregnancies complicated by pre-gestational diabetes, 1998–2015
Characteristic | Aboriginal Mothers | Non-Aboriginal mothers | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1998 to 2003 (n = 266) | 2004 to 2009 (n = 293) | 2010 to 2015 (n = 354) | P trend | 1998 to 2003 (n = 730) | 2004 to 2009 (n = 1096) | 2010 to 2015 (n = 1546) | P trend | |
Maternal Characteristics | ||||||||
Maternal age (years) | ||||||||
25 or below | 75 (28.2) | 66 (22.5) | 71 (20.1) | 0.019 | 146 (20.0) | 154 (14.1) | 194 (12.5) | < 0.001 |
> 25 to 35 | 138 (51.9) | 152 (51.9) | 215 (60.7) | 0.021 | 443 (60.7) | 681 (62.1) | 956 (61.8) | 0.663 |
above 35 | 53 (19.9) | 75 (25.6) | 68 (19.2) | 0.702 | 141 (19.3) | 261 (23.8) | 396 (25.6) | 0.001 |
Mean (SD)a | 29.6 (6.4) | 30.8 (6.3) | 30.6 (6.1) | 0.096 | 30.4 (5.6) | 31.6 (5.4) | 31.8 (5.3) | < 0.001 |
Parity group | ||||||||
0 | 36 (13.5) | 36 (12.3) | 57 (16.1) | 0.320 | 248 (34.0) | 334 (30.5) | 524 (34.0) | 0.671 |
1 | 46 (17.3) | 43 (14.7) | 72 (20.3) | 0.266 | 260 (35.6) | 430 (39.2) | 542 (35.1) | 0.486 |
2 | 56 (21.1) | 47 (16.0) | 70 (19.8) | 0.783 | 145 (19.9) | 198 (18.1) | 282 (18.3) | 0.435 |
3 plus | 128 (48.1) | 167 (57.0) | 155 (43.8) | 0.186 | 77 (10.5) | 134 (12.2) | 195 (12.6) | 0.177 |
Caesarean delivery | 125 (47.0) | 171 (58.4) | 216 (61.0) | 0.001 | 397 (54.5) | 672 (61.3) | 890 (58.0) | 0.295 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 119 (44.7) | 153 (52.2) | 186 (52.5) | 0.065 | 151 (20.7) | 161 (14.7) | 166 (10.8) | < 0.001 |
SES tertiles | ||||||||
1st (most disadvantaged) | 196 (85.2) | 214 (81.4) | 265 (82.0) | 0.368 | 279 (39.9) | 385 (36.2) | 544 (36.4) | 0.167 |
2nd | < 35 (< 15.2)b | 39 (14.8) | 40 (12.4) | 0.760 | 233 (33.3) | 375 (35.2) | 522 (34.9) | 0.536 |
3rd (least disadvantaged) | < 10 (< 4.3)b | 10 (3.8) | 18 (5.6) | 0.022 | 187 (26.8) | 304 (28.6) | 428 (28.6) | 0.407 |
Remote or very remote residence | 155 (63.3) | 178 (62.5) | 213 (60.7) | 0.512 | 100 (13.9) | 109 (10.1) | 70 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
Preterm birth | 82 (30.9) | 107 (36.5) | 128 (36.3) | 0.191 | 192 (26.3) | 289 (26.4) | 391 (25.5) | 0.617 |
Preeclampsia | 50 (18.8) | 28 (9.6) | 27 (7.6) | < 0.001 | 131 (18.0) | 73 (6.7) | 106 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
Neonatal Characteristics | ||||||||
Perinatal death | 14 (5.3) | 11 (3.8) | 15 (4.2) | 0.573 | 15 (2.1) | 15 (1.4) | 16 (1.0) | 0.055 |
Female sex | 124 (46.6) | 148 (50.5) | 175 (49.4) | 0.522 | 356 (48.8) | 532 (48.5) | 751 (48.6) | 0.943 |
LGA | 89 (33.6) | 100 (34.1) | 116 (32.9) | 0.833 | 280 (38.4) | 423 (38.6) | 502 (32.7) | 0.002 |
SGA | 33 (12.5) | 26 (8.9) | 29 (8.2) | 0.087 | 30 (4.1) | 46 (4.2) | 71 (4.6) | 0.533 |