Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample
Characteristic | Group | 2014 | 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number/ Mean | %/S.D | Number/ Mean | %/S.D | ||
Subjective Well-being | 0–6 | 1555 | 31.1 | 1580 | 31.6 |
7–10 | 3442 | 68.9 | 3417 | 68.4 | |
Age | 45–59 | 3196 | 64.0 | 2458 | 49.2 |
60–74 | 1665 | 33.3 | 2230 | 44.6 | |
 ≥ 75 | 136 | 2.72 | 309 | 6.2 | |
registered residence | urban | 2327 | 46.6 | 2470 | 49.4 |
rural | 1670 | 53.4 | 2527 | 50.6 | |
education status | primary school and below | 2845 | 56.9 | 3289 | 65.8 |
junior high school | 1078 | 21.6 | 1086 | 21.7 | |
Senior high school | 506 | 10.1 | 506 | 10.1 | |
college or university degree and above | 568 | 11.4 | 116 | 2.4 | |
marital status | Married | 4439 | 88.8 | 4256 | 85.2 |
unmarried | 558 | 11.2 | 741 | 14.8 | |
SRH | very good | 415 | 8.3 | 474 | 9.5 |
good | 721 | 14.4 | 456 | 9.1 | |
acceptable | 1707 | 34.2 | 1804 | 36.1 | |
bad | 936 | 18.7 | 846 | 16.9 | |
very bad | 1218 | 24.4 | 1417 | 28.6 | |
chronic disease | Yes | 1340 | 26.8 | 1448 | 29.0 |
No | 3657 | 73.2 | 3549 | 71.0 | |
hospitalization | Yes | 679 | 13.6 | 960 | 19.2 |
No | 4318 | 86.4 | 4037 | 80.8 | |
two-week morbidity | Yes | 2148 | 43.0 | 2219 | 44.4 |
No | 2849 | 57.0 | 2778 | 55.6 | |
Physical exercise | Yes | 1941 | 38.8 | 2636 | 52.7 |
No | 3056 | 61.2 | 2361 | 47.3 | |
Drinking status | Yes | 170 | 3.4 | 183 | 3.7 |
No | 4827 | 96.6 | 4814 | 96.3 | |
Smoking status | Yes | 232 | 4.6 | 225 | 4.5 |
No | 4765 | 95.4 | 4772 | 95.5 | |
Working situation | Yes | 3348 | 67.0 | 3035 | 60.7 |
No | 1649 | 33.0 | 1962 | 39.3 | |
BMI | obesity | 368 | 7.4 | 319 | 6.3 |
overweight | 2663 | 53.3 | 2495 | 50.0 | |
normal weight | 1562 | 31.2 | 1704 | 34.1 | |
underweight | 404 | 8.1 | 479 | 9.6 | |
Income status |  | 2.50 |  ± 1.06 | 3.02 |  ± 1.16 |
Social status |  | 3.08 |  ± 1.04 | 3.31 |  ± 1.14 |