Table 1 Characteristics of participating children (n = 876)
From: Children’s screen use and school readiness at 4-6 years: prospective cohort study
Variable | Total Sample (n = 876) | Children not vulnerable on the EDI (n = 745) | Children vulnerable on the EDI (n = 131) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at exposure (years), mean (SD) | 3.7 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.2) |
Age at outcome (years), mean (SD) | 5.4 (0.3) | 5.8 (0.2) | 5.6 (0.5) |
Sex, Male, n(%) | 463 (52.8) | 362 (48.6) | 101 (77.1) |
Birth weight (kilograms), mean (SD) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.8) |
Ethnicity, n(%) | |||
European Ancestry | 606 (69.2) | 570 (76.4) | 36 (27.7) |
South Asian and South-East Asian | 27 (3.1) | 20 (2.7) | 7 (5.3) |
East Asian | 32 (3.7) | 22 (3.0) | 10 (7.6) |
Other | 37 (4.2) | 28 (3.8) | 9 (11.8) |
Mixed Ethnicity | 174 (19.9) | 102 (13.7) | 72 (55.4) |
Maternal Education, n(%) | |||
College/ University | 802 (91.6) | 705 (98.5) | 37 (35.2) |
High School or less | 74 (8.4) | 11 (1.5) | 68 (64.8) |
Household Income, n(%) | |||
$0 to $56,999 | 129 (14.7) | 83 (11.3) | 41 (44.1) |
$60,000 to $99,999 | 156 (17.8) | 122 (16.6) | 23 (24.7) |
$100,000 to $149,999 | 241 (27.5) | 217 (29.5) | 10 (10.8) |
$150,000 + | 350 (40.0) | 313 (42.6) | 19 (14.0) |
Total daily screen use (hours), mean (SD) | 4.8 (2.3) | 4.1 (1.9) | 5.6 (2.4) |
Special needs designation, n(%) | 23 (2.6) | 6 (0.8) | 17 (12.9) |
Early Development Instrument (EDI) | |||
Physical health and well-being, mean (SD) | 9.1 (1.1) | 9.4 (1.2) | 8.8 (1.4) |
Social competence, mean (SD) | 8.8 (0.6) | 9.0 (1.6) | 8.6 (1.8) |
Emotional maturity, mean (SD) | 8.5 (1.3) | 8.8 (1.5) | 8.3 (1.5) |
Language and cognitive development, mean (SD) | 8.8 (0.8) | 9.0 (1.5) | 8.5 (1.9) |
Communication skills and general knowledge, mean (SD) | 9.1 (1.7) | 9.2 (2.1) | 8.9 (2.3) |