Skip to main content

Table 4 Bivariate and multivariate analysis of overall (facility and community health worker) missed FP/C opportunity among women in the 0-11 months and 12-23 months postpartum periods

From: Missed opportunities for family planning counselling among postpartum women in eleven counties in Kenya

Characteristic

0 - 11 months (extended postpartum) – N = 3803

12 - 23 month since last birth – N = 3746

Bivariate analysis

Multivariable analysis

Bivariate analysis

Multivariable analysis

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

p-value*

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

p-value*

Age group

 15 – 19

Ref.

0.345

Ref.

0.488

Ref.

0.414

Ref.

0.772

 20 – 24

0.99 (0.77, 1.27)

1.10 (0.83, 1.46)

0.98 (0.72, 1.32)

1.04 (0.75, 1.44)

 25 – 29

0.82 (0.63, 1.06)

0.95 (0.69, 1.30)

0.87 (0.65, 1.17)

0.97 (0.68, 1.36)

 30 – 34

0.94 (0.71, 1.25)

1.13 (0.79, 1.62)

0.83 (0.6, 1.15)

0.93 (0.62, 1.39)

 35 – 39

0.79 (0.56, 1.13)

0.92 (0.60, 1.42)

0.93 (0.65, 1.32)

0.98 (0.62, 1.54)

 40 – 45

0.74 (0.45, 1.21)

0.79 (0.44, 1.40)

1.30 (0.78, 2.16)

1.34 (0.75, 2.37)

 45 – 49

0.79 (0.29, 2.19)

0.72 (0.26, 2.01)

0.83 (0.41, 1.67)

0.75 (0.35, 1.63)

Marital Status

 Never Married

Ref.

0.150

Ref.

0.546

Ref.

0.027

Ref.

0.073

 Married/In a union

0.81 (0.66, 1.00)

0.90 (0.69, 1.17)

0.79 (0.63, 1.00)

0.77 (0.58, 1.03)

 Widowed/Divorced

0.87 (0.56, 1.37)

1.06 (0.65, 1.73)

1.12 (0.76, 1.66)

1.09 (0.72, 1.66)

Residence

 Urban

Ref.

0.032

Ref.

0.327

Ref.

0.230

Ref.

0.411

 Rural

1.27 (1.02, 1.57)*

1.14 (0.88, 1.48)

0.87 (0.70, 1.09)

0.9 (0.71, 1.15)

Education

 No Education

Ref.

0.016

Ref.

0.086

Ref.

0.052

Ref.

0.138

 Primary

0.52 (0.35, 0.78)**

0.63 (0.43, 0.92)*

0.60 (0.41, 0.88)*

0.74 (0.5, 1.1)

 Technical/vocational

0.42 (0.22, 0.81)*

0.56 (0.29, 1.09)

0.52 (0.27, 1.02)

0.64 (0.32, 1.29)

 Secondary

0.50 (0.33, 0.76)**

0.57 (0.38, 0.86)**

0.61 (0.40, 0.93)*

0.69 (0.44, 1.07)

 Higher

0.46 (0.29, 0.72)**

0.51 (0.31, 0.83)**

0.50 (0.32, 0.79)**

0.56 (0.35, 0.88)*

Wealth Quintile

 Lowest

Ref.

0.005

Ref.

0.023

Ref.

0.845

Ref.

0.962

 Lower

0.65 (0.52, 0.82)**

0.72 (0.57, 0.91)**

0.9 (0.71, 1.14)

1.01 (0.8, 1.28)

 Middle

0.69 (0.53, 0.89)**

0.88 (0.67, 1.15)

0.87 (0.68, 1.12)

0.96 (0.74, 1.26)

 Higher

0.70 (0.53, 0.91)**

0.98 (0.71, 1.35)

0.95 (0.72, 1.25)

0.91 (0.67, 1.25)

 Highest

0.67 (0.49, 0.92)*

1.10 (0.72, 1.67)

0.91 (0.64, 1.29)

0.89 (0.58, 1.36)

Parity

 1 – 2

Ref.

0.014

Ref.

0.026

Ref.

0.121

Ref.

0.410

 3 – 4

0.76 (0.64, 0.92)**

0.73 (0.58, 0.92)**

0.85 (0.71, 1.01)

0.87 (0.7, 1.09)

 5+

0.99 (0.78, 1.24)

0.86 (0.62, 1.19)

1.02 (0.83, 1.25)

0.96 (0.71, 1.29)

Sexually active

 No

Ref.

0.501

Ref.

0.866

Ref.

0.205

Ref.

0.515

 Yes

0.95 (0.81, 1.11)

1.02 (0.85, 1.21)

0.88 (0.73, 1.07)

1.08 (0.85, 1.37)

Data collection round

 Jun/Jul 2014

Ref.

0.016

Ref.

0.003

Ref.

0.014

Ref.

0.017

 Nov/Dec 2014

0.71 (0.49, 1.03)

0.69 (0.47, 1.01)

0.59 (0.38, 0.92)*

0.6 (0.39, 0.93)*

 Jun/Jul 2015

1.00 (0.70, 1.42)

1.02 (0.71, 1.45)

0.55 (0.37, 0.82)**

0.54 (0.36, 0.81)**

 Nov/Dec 2015

0.61 (0.39, 0.94)*

0.60 (0.38, 0.93)*

0.45 (0.29, 0.7)**

0.45 (0.29, 0.71)**

 Nov/Dec 2016

0.83 (0.60, 1.16)

0.68 (0.48, 0.96)*

0.71 (0.48, 1.04)

0.69 (0.46, 1.02)

 Nov/Dec 2017

1.12 (0.80, 1.56)

0.95 (0.66, 1.36)

0.70 (0.48, 1.04)

0.66 (0.44, 0.99)*

 Nov/Dec 2018

0.68 (0.48, 0.96)*

0.58 (0.40, 0.82)**

0.60 (0.40, 0.89)*

0.56 (0.37, 0.85)**

County

 Bungoma

Ref.

< 0.001

Ref.

< 0.001

Ref.

< 0.001

Ref.

< 0.001

 Kakamega

1.35 (0.79, 2.32)

1.46 (0.83, 2.58)

1.35 (0.83, 2.18)

1.32 (0.81, 2.14)

 Kericho

1.5 (1.01, 2.22)*

1.52 (1.03, 2.26)*

1.72 (1.15, 2.57)**

1.75 (1.18, 2.62)**

 Kilifi

1.27 (0.81, 1.99)

1.17 (0.76, 1.80)

1.54 (1.00, 2.38)*

1.43 (0.92, 2.21)

 Kiambu

0.98 (0.63, 1.53)

0.98 (0.60, 1.59)

1.84 (1.10, 3.07)*

1.89 (1.14, 3.14)*

 Kitui

0.76 (0.49, 1.19)

0.77 (0.49, 1.21)

1.17 (0.75, 1.83)

1.17 (0.74, 1.87)

 Nairobi

0.87 (0.56, 1.35)

0.88 (0.53, 1.47)

1.42 (0.91, 2.23)

1.49 (0.91, 2.43)

 Nandi

1.74 (1.12, 2.72)*

1.86 (1.18, 2.91)**

1.43 (0.92, 2.22)

1.42 (0.91, 2.21)

 Nyamira

1.02 (0.65, 1.61)

1.06 (0.67, 1.66)

1.14 (0.75, 1.74)

1.16 (0.76, 1.77)

 Siaya

0.79 (0.52, 1.23)

0.79 (0.51, 1.23)

0.68 (0.45, 1.01)

0.66 (0.43, 1.01)

 West pokot

2.97 (1.71, 5.14)**

2.34 (1.30, 4.22)**

2.82 (1.36, 5.82)**

2.43 (1.16, 5.11)*

  1. p-value Unadjusted Wald test p-value, p-value* adjusted Wald test p-value, CI Confidence interval, * Significant at 5% level of significance (los), ** - Significant at 1% los, Ref. – Reference category