Characteristic | 0 - 11 months (extended postpartum) – N = 3803 | 12 - 23 month since last birth – N = 3746 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value* | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value* | |
Age group | ||||||||
15 – 19 | Ref. | 0.345 | Ref. | 0.488 | Ref. | 0.414 | Ref. | 0.772 |
20 – 24 | 0.99 (0.77, 1.27) | 1.10 (0.83, 1.46) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.32) | 1.04 (0.75, 1.44) | ||||
25 – 29 | 0.82 (0.63, 1.06) | 0.95 (0.69, 1.30) | 0.87 (0.65, 1.17) | 0.97 (0.68, 1.36) | ||||
30 – 34 | 0.94 (0.71, 1.25) | 1.13 (0.79, 1.62) | 0.83 (0.6, 1.15) | 0.93 (0.62, 1.39) | ||||
35 – 39 | 0.79 (0.56, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.60, 1.42) | 0.93 (0.65, 1.32) | 0.98 (0.62, 1.54) | ||||
40 – 45 | 0.74 (0.45, 1.21) | 0.79 (0.44, 1.40) | 1.30 (0.78, 2.16) | 1.34 (0.75, 2.37) | ||||
45 – 49 | 0.79 (0.29, 2.19) | 0.72 (0.26, 2.01) | 0.83 (0.41, 1.67) | 0.75 (0.35, 1.63) | ||||
Marital Status | ||||||||
Never Married | Ref. | 0.150 | Ref. | 0.546 | Ref. | 0.027 | Ref. | 0.073 |
Married/In a union | 0.81 (0.66, 1.00) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) | 0.79 (0.63, 1.00) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.03) | ||||
Widowed/Divorced | 0.87 (0.56, 1.37) | 1.06 (0.65, 1.73) | 1.12 (0.76, 1.66) | 1.09 (0.72, 1.66) | ||||
Residence | ||||||||
Urban | Ref. | 0.032 | Ref. | 0.327 | Ref. | 0.230 | Ref. | 0.411 |
Rural | 1.27 (1.02, 1.57)* | 1.14 (0.88, 1.48) | 0.87 (0.70, 1.09) | 0.9 (0.71, 1.15) | ||||
Education | ||||||||
No Education | Ref. | 0.016 | Ref. | 0.086 | Ref. | 0.052 | Ref. | 0.138 |
Primary | 0.52 (0.35, 0.78)** | 0.63 (0.43, 0.92)* | 0.60 (0.41, 0.88)* | 0.74 (0.5, 1.1) | ||||
Technical/vocational | 0.42 (0.22, 0.81)* | 0.56 (0.29, 1.09) | 0.52 (0.27, 1.02) | 0.64 (0.32, 1.29) | ||||
Secondary | 0.50 (0.33, 0.76)** | 0.57 (0.38, 0.86)** | 0.61 (0.40, 0.93)* | 0.69 (0.44, 1.07) | ||||
Higher | 0.46 (0.29, 0.72)** | 0.51 (0.31, 0.83)** | 0.50 (0.32, 0.79)** | 0.56 (0.35, 0.88)* | ||||
Wealth Quintile | ||||||||
Lowest | Ref. | 0.005 | Ref. | 0.023 | Ref. | 0.845 | Ref. | 0.962 |
Lower | 0.65 (0.52, 0.82)** | 0.72 (0.57, 0.91)** | 0.9 (0.71, 1.14) | 1.01 (0.8, 1.28) | ||||
Middle | 0.69 (0.53, 0.89)** | 0.88 (0.67, 1.15) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.26) | ||||
Higher | 0.70 (0.53, 0.91)** | 0.98 (0.71, 1.35) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.25) | 0.91 (0.67, 1.25) | ||||
Highest | 0.67 (0.49, 0.92)* | 1.10 (0.72, 1.67) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.29) | 0.89 (0.58, 1.36) | ||||
Parity | ||||||||
1 – 2 | Ref. | 0.014 | Ref. | 0.026 | Ref. | 0.121 | Ref. | 0.410 |
3 – 4 | 0.76 (0.64, 0.92)** | 0.73 (0.58, 0.92)** | 0.85 (0.71, 1.01) | 0.87 (0.7, 1.09) | ||||
5+ | 0.99 (0.78, 1.24) | 0.86 (0.62, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.29) | ||||
Sexually active | ||||||||
No | Ref. | 0.501 | Ref. | 0.866 | Ref. | 0.205 | Ref. | 0.515 |
Yes | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.21) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.07) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) | ||||
Data collection round | ||||||||
Jun/Jul 2014 | Ref. | 0.016 | Ref. | 0.003 | Ref. | 0.014 | Ref. | 0.017 |
Nov/Dec 2014 | 0.71 (0.49, 1.03) | 0.69 (0.47, 1.01) | 0.59 (0.38, 0.92)* | 0.6 (0.39, 0.93)* | ||||
Jun/Jul 2015 | 1.00 (0.70, 1.42) | 1.02 (0.71, 1.45) | 0.55 (0.37, 0.82)** | 0.54 (0.36, 0.81)** | ||||
Nov/Dec 2015 | 0.61 (0.39, 0.94)* | 0.60 (0.38, 0.93)* | 0.45 (0.29, 0.7)** | 0.45 (0.29, 0.71)** | ||||
Nov/Dec 2016 | 0.83 (0.60, 1.16) | 0.68 (0.48, 0.96)* | 0.71 (0.48, 1.04) | 0.69 (0.46, 1.02) | ||||
Nov/Dec 2017 | 1.12 (0.80, 1.56) | 0.95 (0.66, 1.36) | 0.70 (0.48, 1.04) | 0.66 (0.44, 0.99)* | ||||
Nov/Dec 2018 | 0.68 (0.48, 0.96)* | 0.58 (0.40, 0.82)** | 0.60 (0.40, 0.89)* | 0.56 (0.37, 0.85)** | ||||
County | ||||||||
Bungoma | Ref. | < 0.001 | Ref. | < 0.001 | Ref. | < 0.001 | Ref. | < 0.001 |
Kakamega | 1.35 (0.79, 2.32) | 1.46 (0.83, 2.58) | 1.35 (0.83, 2.18) | 1.32 (0.81, 2.14) | ||||
Kericho | 1.5 (1.01, 2.22)* | 1.52 (1.03, 2.26)* | 1.72 (1.15, 2.57)** | 1.75 (1.18, 2.62)** | ||||
Kilifi | 1.27 (0.81, 1.99) | 1.17 (0.76, 1.80) | 1.54 (1.00, 2.38)* | 1.43 (0.92, 2.21) | ||||
Kiambu | 0.98 (0.63, 1.53) | 0.98 (0.60, 1.59) | 1.84 (1.10, 3.07)* | 1.89 (1.14, 3.14)* | ||||
Kitui | 0.76 (0.49, 1.19) | 0.77 (0.49, 1.21) | 1.17 (0.75, 1.83) | 1.17 (0.74, 1.87) | ||||
Nairobi | 0.87 (0.56, 1.35) | 0.88 (0.53, 1.47) | 1.42 (0.91, 2.23) | 1.49 (0.91, 2.43) | ||||
Nandi | 1.74 (1.12, 2.72)* | 1.86 (1.18, 2.91)** | 1.43 (0.92, 2.22) | 1.42 (0.91, 2.21) | ||||
Nyamira | 1.02 (0.65, 1.61) | 1.06 (0.67, 1.66) | 1.14 (0.75, 1.74) | 1.16 (0.76, 1.77) | ||||
Siaya | 0.79 (0.52, 1.23) | 0.79 (0.51, 1.23) | 0.68 (0.45, 1.01) | 0.66 (0.43, 1.01) | ||||
West pokot | 2.97 (1.71, 5.14)** | 2.34 (1.30, 4.22)** | 2.82 (1.36, 5.82)** | 2.43 (1.16, 5.11)* |