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Table 1 Basic characteristics of households and maternal factors in migrant and non-migrant participants

From: When husband migrate: effects of international migration of husbands on fetal outcomes, body mass index and gestational weight of female spouses that stay behind

 

Migrant

Non-migrant

Total

Household characteristic

No. (%)

Place of residency***

 Urban

55 (19.4)

775 (11.2)

830 (11.5)

 Rural

229 (80.6)

6140 (88.8)

6369 (88.5)

Ethnicity***

 Sinhala

96 (33.8)

4335 (62.7)

4431 (61.6)

 Tamil

80 (28.2)

1823 (26.4)

1903 (26.4)

 Muslim

108 (38.0)

757 (10.9)

865 (12.0)

Household income (Rs.) ***

 < 35000

122 (43.0)

4538 (65.6)

4660 (64.7)

 >35000

162 (57.0)

2377 (34.4)

2539 (35.3)

Household food security***

 Severe food insecure

2 (0.7)

312 (4.5)

314 (4.4)

 Moderate food insecure

76 (26.8)

2709 (39.2)

2785 (38.7)

 Food secure

206 (72.5)

3894 (56.3)

4100 (57.0)

 

Mean (SD)

Number of household members***

5.4 (1.8)

4.9 (1.4)

4.9 (1.4)

Husband’s age in years*

33.2 (5.3)

32.3 (5.9)

32.4 (5.9)

Husband’s years of schooling***

11 (1.6)

10.5 (1.9)

10.5 (1.9)

 

Mean (SD)

Mother’s age in years

29.2 (5.3)

28.8 (5.6)

28.8 (5.6)

Mother’s years of schooling

11.0 (1.8)

10.8 (1.8)

10.8 (1.8)

Current BMI (kg/m2)

23.8 (4.2)

23.3 (4.2)

23.4 (4.2)

Pre-pregnant BMI (kg/m2)

22.5 (4.3)

22.0(4.4)

22.0 (4.4)

Weight gain during pregnancy (kg)***

10.2 (1.8)

9.3 (4.9)

9.3 (4.9)

 

No. (%)

Parity**

 Primipara (1)

111 (39.1)

2210 (32.0)

2321 (32.2)

 Multipara (>1)

173 (60.9)

4705 (68.0)

4878 (67.8)

Place of delivery***

 Government hospital

261 (91.9)

6739 (97.5)

7000 (97.2)

 Private hospital

23 (8.1)

176 (2.5)

199 (2.8)

Type of delivery

 Normal vaginal delivery

174 (61.3)

4583 (66.3)

4757 (66.1)

 Caessarian section/forceps/vacuum

110 (38.7)

2332 (33.7)

2442 (33.9)

Prepregnant BMI groups**

 Underweight (<18.5)

40 (15.6)

1437 (22.9)

1477 (22.6)

 Adequate (18.5-24.9)

159 (61.9)

3324 (53.0)

3488 (53.3)

 Overweight (25.0-29.9)

39 (15.2)

1202 (19.2)

1241 (19.0)

 Obese (>=30.0)

19 (7.4)

313 (5.0)

332 (5.1)

Weight gain during pregnancy (kg)**

 < 7.0

47 (18.5)

1577 (25.2)

1624 (25.0)

 7.5-11.9

107 (42.1)

2238 (45.4)

2945 (45.2)

 ≥ 12.0

100 (39.4)

1840 (29.4)

1940 (29.8)

n

284

6915

7199

  1. * p<0.05
  2. ** p<0.01
  3. *** p<0.001