Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, N = 11,288
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics | |
|---|---|
Age (years), median (IQR) | 52 (15) |
Age groups (years) (n, %) | |
 30–39 | 1233 (10.9) |
 40–49 | 3336 (29.6) |
 50–59 | 3606 (32.0) |
  ≥ 60 | 3113 (27.6) |
Gender (n, %) | |
 Male | 4943 (43.8) |
 Female | 6345 (56.2) |
Ethnicity (n, %) | |
 Malay | 8188 (72.5) |
 Chinese | 1214 (10.8) |
 Indian | 327 (2.9) |
 Indigenous | 1559 (13.8) |
Education attainment (n^, %) | |
 No formal education | 1556 (15.3) |
 Primary school | 2766 (27.0) |
 Secondary school | 3929 (38.4) |
 Tertiary | 1980 (19.3) |
Location (n, %) | |
 Urban | 5857 (51.9) |
 Rural | 5431 (48.1) |
Occupation (n, %) | |
 Homemaker/unemployed | 4334 (38.4) |
 Semi-skilled | 5181 (45.9) |
 Skilled workers | 939 (8.3) |
 Managerial and Professional | 834 (7.4) |
Household income group (n^, %) | |
 Bottom 40% (≤ RM 4849) | 4597 (89.2) |
 Middle 40% – Top 20% (≥ RM 4850) | 554 (10.8) |
Smoking status (n^, %) | |
 Non-smoker | 8014 (75.6) |
 Previous smoker | 1367 (12.9) |
 Current smoker | 1224 (11.5) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) (n^, %) | |
 Underweight (< 18.5) | 392 (3.7) |
 Normal (18.5–22.9) | 2493 (23.3) |
 Overweight (23–27.4) | 4144 (38.7) |
 Obese (≥ 27.5) | 3670 (34.3) |
Waist-hip ratio (n^, %) | |
 Optimal/Normal | 4834 (48.1) |
 High/Abdominal obesity (Male ≥0.90; female ≥0.85) | 5221 (51.9) |
Comorbidities (n^, %) | |
 Diabetes | 1888 (17.7) |
 Hypertension | 5409 (47.9) |
 Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) | 596 (5.3) |
Dyslipidaemia subtypes (n^, %) | |
 Hypercholesterolaemia | 6897 (63.7) |
 High LDL-c | 6065 (56.0) |
 Hypertriglyceridaemia | 4084 (37.8) |
 Low HDL-c | 3870 (35.7) |
Self-reported lipid-lowering medication use (n^, %) | |
 No | 9793 (92.4) |
 Yes | 806 (7.6) |
10-year Framingham general cardiovascular risk (FRS-CVD) categories (n*, %) | |
 Low risk < 10% | 5939 (55.6) |
 Intermediate risk 10–20% | 2252 (21.1) |
 High risk > 20% | 2501 (23.4) |