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Table 1 Overview of substance use, behavioral strengths and difficulties, and quality of life (n = 1829)

From: Substance use in childhood and adolescence and its associations with quality of life and behavioral strengths and difficulties

Substance use

 Cigarette use

n (%)

114 (6.23%)

 Frequent cigarette use

n (%)

81 (4.43%)

 Alcohol use

n (%)

703 (38.44%)

 Frequent alcohol use

n (%)

96 (5.25%)

 Cannabis use

n (%)

72 (3.94%)

Behavioral strengths and difficulties

 Prosocial behavior

mean (sd)

7.78 (1.86)

 Hyperactivity/inattention

mean (sd)

3.60 (2.18)

 Emotional symptoms

mean (sd)

2.43 (2.13)

 Conduct problems

mean (sd)

1.69 (1.42)

 Peer problems

mean (sd)

2.21 (1.75)

Quality of life

 Physical wellbeing

mean (sd)

50.45 (9.77 )

 Psychological wellbeing

mean (sd)

50.53 (10.06 )

 Parent relations and autonomy

mean (sd)

53.79 (9.97)

 Social support & peers

mean (sd)

51.76 (10.56)

 School environment

mean (sd)

52.39 (9.55)

  1. Current use: Child currently consumes cigarettes, alcohol, or cannabis at least once per month (Additional file 1); frequent use: Child currently consumes cigarettes or alcohol at least once per week (Additional file 1)