Non-linear associations between healthy Nordic foods and all-cause mortality in the NOWAC study: a prospective study

Table 3 Hazard ratios (HR) and all-cause mortality according to intake categories of Nordic fruits and vegetables stratified by smoking status. From: Non-linear associations between healthy Nordic foods and all-cause mortality in the NOWAC study: a prospective study

All-cause mortality
	Never smokers				Ever smokers*
Intake categories of Nordic fruits and vegetables (g/day)	Total N	No. of deaths	HR (95% CI)	P for trend	Total N	No. of deaths	HR (95% CI)	P for trend
< 100	6 452	588	1.00	0.10	14 085	1 942	1.00	< 0.001
100–199	11 654	905	0.89 (0.81–0.99)		20 847	2 263	0.86 (0.80–0.91)
200–299	7 232	605	1.03 (0.91–1.15)		11 672	1 182	0.82 (0.76–0.89)
≥ 300	4 477	333	1.07 (0.93–1.24)		7 250	689	0.84 (0.76–0.92)

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
Age-adjusted and mutually adjusted for the healthy Nordic food groups, BMI < 20, 20–24.9, 25–29.9, ≥ 30 (kg/m²), physical activity (low, medium, high), education (< 10, 10–12, > 12 years of schooling), intake of energy (kJ/day continuous), alcohol (non-consumer, 0–5, > 5 g/day), and processed red meat (< 15, 15–29, 30–44, ≥ 45 g/day)
^*Additionally, adjusted for pack-years

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