Prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases: lessons learned from a school-based intervention in Brazil (Zikamob)

Santos, Silvana; Smania-Marques, Roberta; Albino, Victor Alves; Fernandes, Izabelly Dutra; Mangueira, Francisco Fernandes Abel; Altafim, Ruy Alberto Pisani; Olinda, Ricardo; Smith, Matt; Traxler, John

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12554-w

Table 2 Results of school-based intervention for arboviruses, performed in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Frequency and percentage for each independent variable in the total population, and in the paired sample study (Study A)

From: Prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases: lessons learned from a school-based intervention in Brazil (Zikamob)

Independent VARIABLES		Total Population N=883		Study A - Paired Analysis (N= 257)
				Students (ST)					Teachers (TCH)					ST X TCH
				Pre		Post			Pre		Post
		N	%	n	%	n	%	p	n	%	n	%	p	p
Gender	Fem	883	58	114	44	114	44	1	34	13	34	13	1	0.203
Gender	Male	883	42	89	35	89	35	1	20	8	20	8	1	0.203
R1 - Residence Type	House	848	82	179	73	179	70	0.23	37	15	37	14	0.519	<0.001*
R1 - Residence Type	Apart.	848	18	16	7	24	9	0.23	12	5	16	6	0.519	<0.001*
R2 – Homeowner	No	870	16	32	13	34	13	0.754	12	5	12	5	0.959	0.141
R2 – Homeowner	Yes	870	84	171	67	167	65	0.754	41	16	42	16	0.959	0.141
R3 - Piped water	No	880	3	3	1	2	1	0.653	1	0	0	0	0.32	0.799
R3 - Piped water	Yes	880	97	200	78	201	79	0.653	53	21	53	21	0.32	0.799
R4 - Lack of water for more than two days a week	No	872	13	19	7	22	9	0.609	6	2	5	2	0.75	0.985
R4 - Lack of water for more than two days a week	Yes	872	87	184	72	180	70	0.609	48	19	49	19	0.75	0.985
R5 - Water box	Yes	879	75	154	60	136	54	0.079	49	19	50	20	0.728	<0.001*
R5 - Water box	No	879	25	49	19	64	25	0.079	5	2	4	2	0.728	<0.001*
R6 – Tank	Yes	879	21	40	16	36	14	0.628	15	6	10	4	0.254	0.309
R6 – Tank	No	879	79	163	63	166	65	0.628	39	15	44	17	0.254	0.309
R7- Buckets or containers for storing water	No	877	66	166	65	156	61	0.221	20	8	31	12	0.042*	<0.001*
R7- Buckets or containers for storing water	Yes	877	34	37	14	47	18	0.221	33	13	23	9	0.042*	<0.001*
R8 - Access to garbage collection service	No	877	4	7	3	4	2	0.363	2	1	1	0	0.547	0.967
R8 - Access to garbage collection service	Yes	877	96	195	76	197	77	0.363	51	20	53	21	0.547	0.967
R9 - Household with yard	No	876	71	166	66	155	61	0.176	37	15	36	14	0.513	0.030*
R9 - Household with yard	Yes	876	29	36	14	47	18	0.176	14	6	18	7	0.513	0.030*
R10 - Household with plants and vegetable garden	No	879	49	111	43	109	43	0.842	22	9	24	9	0.697	0.028*
R10 - Household with plants and vegetable garden	Yes	879	51	91	36	93	36	0.842	32	13	30	12	0.697	0.028*
R11 - Lined roof	No	867	37	106	42	86	34	0.036	13	5	13	5	0.912	<0.001*
R11 - Lined roof	Yes	867	63	94	37	116	45	0.036	39	15	41	16	0.912	<0.001*
R12 - Vacant land or abandoned houses near home	Yes	877	55	117	46	108	42	0.282	27	11	33	13	0.245	0.918
R12 - Vacant land or abandoned houses near home	No	877	45	82	32	94	37	0.282	27	11	21	8	0.245	0.918
R13 - Garbage in the vacant lot	Yes	547	64	95	63	83	54	0.159	19	13	18	12	0.166	0.067
R13 - Garbage in the vacant lot	No	547	36	29	19	38	25	0.159	8	5	16	10	0.166	0.067
R14 - Streams and sewers near home	Yes	878	35	86	34	77	30	0.383	11	4	13	5	0.643	<0.001*
R14 - Streams and sewers near home	No	878	65	116	45	124	49	0.383	43	17	41	16	0.643	<0.001*
F1 - Helps with housework	No	877	15	39	15	40	16	0.9	4	2	1	0	0.169	<0.001*
F1 - Helps with housework	Yes	877	85	163	64	162	63	0.9	50	20	53	21	0.169	<0.001*
F2 - Assists in the care of plants and gardens	No	663	30	69	33	64	32	0.842	4	2	2	1	0.434	<0.001*
F2 - Assists in the care of plants and gardens	Yes	663	70	100	48	97	49	0.842	34	16	34	17	0.434	<0.001*
F3 - Observed mosquitoes at home	No	879	38	65	25	89	35	0.14	15	6	25	10	0.46	0.865
F3 - Observed mosquitoes at home	Yes	879	62	138	54	114	44	0.14	39	15	29	11	0.46	0.865
F4 - It's important to do clean-up efforts	No	879	2	1	0	4	2	0.181	0	0	0	0	NC	0.248
F4 - It's important to do clean-up efforts	Yes	879	98	200	79	199	77	0.181	53	21	54	21	NC	0.248
P01 -Already had Zika, Dengue or Chikungunya	Yes	878	36	66	26	66	26	0.917	33	13	32	12	0.844	<0.001*
P01 -Already had Zika, Dengue or Chikungunya	Never	878	64	134	53	137	53	0.917	21	8	22	9	0.844	<0.001*
P02 - Family members have had Zika, Dengue or Chikungunya	Yes	878	46	101	40	84	33	0.066	38	15	25	10	0.011*	0.022*
P02 - Family members have had Zika, Dengue or Chikungunya	No	878	54	99	39	119	46	0.066	16	6	29	11	0.011*	0.022*
P03 - You get dengue more than once in your life	No	876	11	30	12	29	11	0.855	5	2	6	2	0.75	0.228
P03 - You get dengue more than once in your life	Yes	876	89	170	67	173	68	0.855	49	19	48	19	0.75	0.228
P04 - Every mosquito transmits dengue fever	Yes	879	8	8	3	10	4	0.653	2	1	2	1	1	0.729
P04 - Every mosquito transmits dengue fever	No	879	92	192	76	193	75	0.653	52	20	52	20	1	0.729
P05- There is dengue vaccine	Yes	692	39	85	46	83	38	0.029*	6	3	4	2	0.459	<0.001*
P05- There is dengue vaccine	No	692	61	53	29	86	40	0.029*	40	22	44	20	0.459	<0.001*
T01- Arboviruses are severe and can lead to death	No	874	3	6	2	3	1	0.305	0	0	1	0	0.32	0.388
T01- Arboviruses are severe and can lead to death	Yes	874	97	194	77	199	78	0.305	53	21	53	21	0.32	0.388
T02-Perceived risk of acquiring arboviruses	Low	866	67	148	58	145	57	0.617	29	11	34	13	0.329	0.003*
T02-Perceived risk of acquiring arboviruses	High	866	33	52	20	57	22	0.617	25	10	20	8	0.329	0.003*
T03- Fear of acquiring arboviruses	No	879	16	41	16	35	14	0.403	2	1	3	1	0.647	<0.001*
T03- Fear of acquiring arboviruses	Yes	879	84	158	62	167	65	0.403	52	21	51	20	0.647	<0.001*
T04 - Uses preventive measures	No	876	7	1	0	33	13	<0.001*	1	0	1	0	0.989	0.018*
T04 - Uses preventive measures	Yes	876	93	198	79	168	66	<0.001*	52	21	53	21	0.989	0.018*
T05 - Believes capable to change behaviours to reduce risk	No	878	9	18	7	26	10	0.214	1	0	2	1	0.558	0.009*
T05 - Believes capable to change behaviours to reduce risk	Yes	878	91	182	72	176	69	0.214	53	21	52	20	0.558	0.009*
T06 - Believes family can change behaviours to reduce risk	No	876	8	18	7	20	8	0.758	3	1	1	0	0.308	0.052
T06 - Believes family can change behaviours to reduce risk	Yes	876	92	181	72	181	71	0.758	51	20	53	21	0.308	0.052
T07 - Believe capable of convincing others to take preventive measures?	No	874	16	27	11	43	17	0.039*	3	1	7	3	0.184	0.037*
	Yes	874	84	172	68	158	62	0.039*	51	20	47	18	0.184	0.037*
T08 - Believes family and neighbours can change lifestyle habits	No	879	12	17	7	33	13	0.019*	2	1	7	3	0.082	0.236
	Yes	879	88	182	72	170	66	0.019*	52	21	47	18	0.082	0.236

Pearson's chi-square test was performed comparing students (ST) and teachers (TCH), independently, before and after the intervention. The analysis was also made by comparing the frequencies in the group of students and teachers (ST x TCH)
Abbreviations: N Absolute population number, n Number in the sample, % Percentage of valid responses excluding missing data

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