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Table 2 Univariate Analysis Showing Association between Variables with Violence

From: Domestic violence and associated factors during COVID-19 epidemic: an online population-based study in Iran

Characteristic

Violence

p-value

OR (CI 95%)

No-Increase n (%)

Increase n (%)

How have you changed the state of physical activity?

  

0.013

 

 Higher

56(13.7)

32(13.1)

 

Ref

 No change

145(35.5)

55(22.4)

 

1.2(1.1–1.8)

 Lower

207(50.7)

158(64.5)

 

2.2(1.4–3.3)

Have you used tobacco (cigarettes, hookah, and pipe)?

  

0.043

 

 Yes

48(11.8)

44(17.9)

 

1.3(1.1–1.6)

 No

360(88.2)

201(82.0)

 

Ref

Have you used alcohol as a beverage?

  

0.022

 

 Yes

8(1.9)

51(20.8)

 

1.2(1.1–1.8)

 No

400(98.1)

194(79.2)

 

Ref

Have you used drugs?

  

0.033

 

 Yes

3(0.7)

7(2.9)

 

1.8(1.1–3.1)

 No

405(99.3)

238(97.1)

 

Ref

How often have you had remote communication with first-degree relatives who were living in other houses instead of face to face communication?

  

0.033

 

  > 1 time in a week

326(79.9)

174(71.0)

 

2.4(1.6–3.6)

 1 time in a week

47(11.5)

42(17.1)

 

2.0(1.2–3.3)

 Once in a two weeks

14(3.4)

11(4.5)

 

Ref

  < Once in a two weeks

21(5.1)

18(7.3)

 

1.5(1.2–1.9)

For what reasons have you left home

  

0.016

 

 Only for essentials (such as shopping, going to the doctor, etc.)

334(81.5)

180(73.5)

 

1.8(1.1–2.3)

 Even for unnecessary work (such as visiting relatives and friends, wandering the streets and sightseeing ...)

37(9.1)

32(13.1)

 

Ref

 Have not go out

37(9.1)

33(13.5)

 

2.1(1.2–3.5)

To what extent have your co-living complied

  

0.007

 

 High

245(60.0)

120(49.0)

 

2.0(1.7–2.3)

 Medium

145(35.5

109(44.5)

 

1.8(1.5–2.0)

 Low

14(3.4)

12(4.9)

 

1.3(1.0–1.8)

 Not at all

4(1.0)

4(1.6)

 

Ref

Have you got infected corona disease

  

0.049

 

 Yes

1(0.2)

4(1.6)

 

2.3(1.5–2.9)

 No

407(99.8)

241(98.4)

 

Ref

Have anyone in your first-degree family got infected corona disease

  

0.007

 

 Yes

3(0.7)

9(3.7)

 

2.4(1.9–3.2)

 No

405(99.3)

236(96.3)

 

Ref