Table 1 Characteristics of Enrolled Households and Participating Children in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Characteristic | Cincinnati n/N (%) | Boston n/N (%) |
|---|---|---|
Sex of child | ||
Male | 17/36 (47) | 25/44 (57) |
Female | 19/36 (53) | 19/44 (43) |
Race of child | ||
White | 0/36 (0) | 9/44 (20) |
Black or African American | 36/36 (100) | 4/44 (9) |
Asian | 0/36 (0) | 27/44 (61) |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0/36 (0) | 0/44 (0) |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 0/36 (0) | 0/44 (0) |
White and Asian | 0/36 (0) | 1/44 (2) |
Other | 0/36 (0) | 3/44 (7) |
Ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino) of child | 0/36 (0) | 12/44 (26) |
Overall characteristic of households a | ||
Number of children living in the household | ||
1 | 6/31 (19) | 8/44 (18) |
2 | 7/31 (23) | 21/44 (48) |
3 | 10/31 (32) | 13/44 (30) |
4 | 4/31 (13) | 1/44 (2) |
5 | 3/31 (10) | 0/44 (0) |
6 | 1/31 (3) | 1/44 (2) |
Mother reported smoking cigarettes | ||
No | 13/32 (41) | 42/43 (98) |
Yes | 19/32 (59) | 1/43 (2) |
Language spoken at home | ||
English and Spanish, but mostly English | 3/44 (7) | |
English and Spanish, but mostly Spanish | 4/44 (9) | |
Only English | 32/32 (100) | 5/44 (11) |
Only Spanish | 2/44 (5) | |
Other | 30b/44 (68) | |
Mother’s birthplace | ||
Mainland USA | 32/32 (100) | 7/44 (16) |
Puerto Rico | 2/44 (5) | |
Other | 35c/44 (80) | |
Mother’s highest education level | ||
Less than high school diploma, no GED | 8/32 (25) | 13/44 (30) |
High school diploma or GED | 11/32 (34) | 23/44 (52) |
Some college but no degree | 11/32 (34) | 2/44 (5) |
Associate degree | 2/32 (6) | 5/44 (11) |
Bachelor’s degree (e.g., BA or BS) | 1/44 (2) | |
Mother is employed outside of the home | ||
No | 24/32 (75) | 21/43 (49) |
Yes | 8/32 (25) | 22/43 (51) |
During the past 3 months (from enrollment into study), child had an episode of asthma or an asthma attack? | 13/36 (36) | 17/44 (39) |
During asthma attack reported in the past 3 months, child visited emergency department | 7/13 (54) | 5/13 (28) |
Child vaccinated against influenza during past year | 19/33 (58) | 31/37 (84) |