Variables | Crude ORa | p value | 95% CIb | Adjusted ORa | p value | 95% CIb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 0.97 | 0.19 | 0.92, 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.89, 1.13 |
Caloric intake per day (kcal) | 1.00 | 0.26 | 1.00, 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.07 | 1.00, 1.00 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
 Malay | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Chinese | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.48, 2.18 | 1.68 | 0.44 | 0.45, 6.24 |
 Indian | 1.89 | 0.18 | 0.74, 4.81 | 2.25 | 0.24 | 0.59, 8.58 |
 Others | 2.04 | 0.25 | 0.61, 6.87 | 1.36 | 0.81 | 0.12, 15.54 |
Grand multigravida | ||||||
 Yes | 2.88 | 0.18 | 0.61, 13.56 | 3.16 | 0.34 | 0.30, 33.87 |
 No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Primigravida | ||||||
 Yes | 1.70 | 0.02* | 1.07, 2.70 | 3.54 | 0.01* | 1.40, 8.97 |
 No | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Occupation | ||||||
 Public | 0.94 | 0.85 | 0.47, 1.86 | 2.84 | 0.32 | 0.36, 22.38 |
 Private | 0.82 | 0.50 | 0.47, 1.44 | 1.33 | 0.58 | 0.48, 3.69 |
 Self-employed | 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.26, 2.29 | 3.03 | 0.09 | 0.85, 10.77 |
 Housewife/Unemployed | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Marital status | ||||||
 Married | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Unmarried | 1.28 | 0.63 | 0.46, 3.54 | 0.42 | 0.50 | 0.03, 5.22 |
Education level | ||||||
 No tertiary educationc | 1.70 | 0.03* | 1.05, 2.76 | 3.77 | 0.01* | 1.35, 10.52 |
 With tertiary educationd | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
Husband’s occupation | ||||||
 Public | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 Private | 0.91 | 0.73 | 0.51, 1.60 | 1.34 | 0.57 | 0.48, 3.72 |
 Self-employed | 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.48, 2.20 | 1.14 | 0.84 | 0.32, 4.04 |
 Unemployed | 3.04 | 0.37 | 0.26, 35.16 | – | – | – |
Household income | ||||||
 Low income (B40e) | 1.31 | 0.29 | 0.80, 2.14 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.40, 2.32 |
 Middle income (M40f) or higher | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 BMIg at booking | 0.92 | 0.01* | 0.86, 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.01* | 0.80, 0.97 |
History of miscarriage | ||||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 No | 2.08 | 0.21 | 0.15, 1.51 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.02, 1.45 |
Medical problem in previous pregnancy | ||||||
 Yes | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
 No | 1.83 | 0.22 | 0.70, 4.78 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.13, 3.17 |