Table 2 Factors associated with susceptibility to tobacco use among never smoking youth from five central and eastern European countries - multivariate logistic regression
Characteristics | Czech Republic N = 1947 | Slovakia N = 1853 | Slovenia N = 1670 | Lithuania N = 1236 | Romania N = 3247 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AOR (95%CI) | p-value | AOR (95%CI) | p-value | AOR (95%CI) | p-value | AOR (95%CI) | p-value | AOR (95%CI) | p-value | |
Sex | ||||||||||
 Male (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Female | 1.38 (1.11–1.72) | < 0.01 | NS | NS | 1.41 (1.10–1.81) | < 0.01 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Age | ||||||||||
 13 years or younger (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 14 years | NS | NS | 1.00 (0.77–1.31) | 0.98 | 1.05 (0.75–1.47) | 0.79 | 1.40 (0.96–2.04) | 0.09 | 1.48 (1.18–1.86) | < 0.01 |
 15 years or older | NS | NS | 1.29 (0.95–1.73) | 0.10 | 1.10 (0.78–1.53) | 0.59 | 1.25 (0.85–1.85) | 0.25 | 1.12 (0.81–1.54) | 0.49 |
Money available per week for own expenses | ||||||||||
 None or little (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 More | 1.46 (1.14–1.86) | < 0.01 | 1.54 (1.20–1.99) | < 0.01 | 1.63 (1.26–2.10) | < 0.01 | NS | NS | 1.51 (1.22–1.86) | < 0.01 |
Exposure to SHS at home | ||||||||||
 No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.09 (0.81–1.46) | 0.56 | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | 0.22 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 1.13 (0.87–1.47) | 0.37 |
Exposure to SHS in public places | ||||||||||
 No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.57 (1.25–1.98) | < 0.01 | 1.28 (1.01–1.64) | 0.05 | 1.41 (1.06–1.88) | 0.02 | 1.35 (1.01–1.81) | 0.04 | 1.61 (1.28–2.02) | < 0.01 |
Parental smoking | ||||||||||
 No (none) (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes (one or both) | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | 0.99 | NS | NS | N/A | N/A | NS | NS | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | 0.94 |
Peers smoking | ||||||||||
 No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 2.24 (1.79–2.79) | < 0.01 | 1.76 (1.38–2.25) | < 0.01 | N/A | N/A | 2.47 (1.84–3.33) | < 0.01 | 2.14 (1.72–2.66) | < 0.01 |
Seen anyone smoking inside the school or outside on school property | ||||||||||
 No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 0.76 | NS | NS | 1.09 (0.83–1.42) | 0.54 | 1.29 (0.96–1.74) | 0.09 | 1.19 (0.96–1.47) | 0.11 |
Knowledge about harmful effects of smoking | ||||||||||
 Yes (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 1.53 (0.97–2.42) | 0.07 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.55 (0.92–2.62) | 0.10 | N/A | N/A |
Knowledge about harmful effects of SHS | ||||||||||
 Yes (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 1.50 (0.98–2.29) | 0.06 | 1.84 (1.18–2.85) | < 0.01 | 2.43 (1.50–3.95) | < 0.01 | 1.39 (0.91–2.12) | 0.13 | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) | 0.38 |
Seen people using tobacco when watched TV, videos or movies | ||||||||||
 No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.19 (0.92–1.53) | 0.19 | 1.18 (0.93–1.50) | 0.18 | 1.52 (1.11–2.07) | < 0.01 | 1.59 (1.18–2.16) | < 0.01 | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) | 0.09 |
Exposure to advertisements or promotions at points of sale | ||||||||||
 No (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.14 (0.91–1.42) | 0.25 | 1.40 (1.09–1.79) | < 0.01 | 1.49 (1.16–1.92) | < 0.01 | NS | NS | 0.96 (0.76–1.23) | 0.77 |
School discussion about health effects of smoking | ||||||||||
 Yes (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 1.31 (1.05–1.64) | 0.02 | 1.35 (1.06–1.71) | 0.01 | 1.31 (1.02–1.68) | 0.03 | 1.93 (1.43–2.61) | < 0.01 | NS | NS |
School discussion about the reasons why people use tobacco | ||||||||||
 Yes (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) | 0.02 |
Antismoking education provided by family | ||||||||||
 Yes (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | NS | NS | N/A | N/A | 1.53 (1.19–1.97) | < 0.01 | NS | NS | 1.45 (1.15–1.83) | < 0.01 |
Difficulty of quitting smoking by smoker | ||||||||||
 Difficult (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Not difficult | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 1.21 (0.95–1.55) | 0.12 |
Smoking helps people feel more comfortable or less comfortable at celebrations parties or in other social gatherings | ||||||||||
 Less comfortable or no differences (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 More comfortable | 1.32 (1.06–1.66) | 0.01 | 1.45 (1.15–1.84) | < 0.01 | 1.47 (1.15–1.87) | < 0.01 | 1.88 (1.38–2.56) | < 0.01 | 1.60 (1.26–2.02) | < 0.01 |
People who smoke have more or less friends | ||||||||||
 No differences (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 More fiends | N/A | N/A | 0.85 (0.61–1.18) | 0.34 | N/A | N/A | 0.78 (0.55–1.10) | 0.16 | 1.36 (1.01–1.82) | 0.04 |
 Less friends | N/A | N/A | 0.69 (0.49–0.96) | 0.03 | N/A | N/A | 0.66 (0.43–1.02) | 0.06 | 0.74 (0.54–1.01) | 0.05 |
Smoking makes young people look more or less attractive | ||||||||||
 No differences (ref.) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 More attractive | N/A | N/A | 1.30 (0.84–2.00) | 0.23 | N/A | N/A | 0.91 (0.48–1.75) | 0.78 | 1.12 (0.78–1.61) | 0.54 |
 Less attractive | N/A | N/A | 0.62 (0.48–0.80) | < 0.01 | N/A | N/A | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | 0.05 | 0.54 (0.42–0.70) | < 0.01 |